Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors for Chemical Looping Combustion

✍ Scribed by Ramesh K. Agarwal, Yali Shao

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 236
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The book describes the clean coal technology of chemical looping combustion (CLC) for power generation with pure CO2 capture. The focus of the book is on the modeling and simulation of CLC. It includes fundamental concepts behind CLC and considers all categories of fluidized beds and reactors, including a variety of oxygen carriers. The book includes process simulations with Aspen Plus® software using coal, natural gas, and biomass and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using both the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods. It describes various drag models, turbulence models, and kinetics models required for CFD simulations of CLC and covers single reactor, partial, and full-simulations, single/multi-stage as well as single-particle simulations, and CLC with reverse flow. A large number of examples for both process simulations using Aspen Plus and CFD simulations using a variety of fluidized beds/reactors employing both the two-fluid and Computational Fluid Dynamics / Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) model are provided.
Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized Bed Reactors for Chemical Looping Combustion will be an invaluable reference for industry practitioners and researchers in academic and industrial R&D currently working on clean energy technologies and power generation with carbon capture.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: Fundamental Concepts
2.1 Principles of Chemical Looping Combustion
2.2 Fuel Reactor Designs
2.3 Chemical Looping Combustion with Reverse Flow
2.4 Oxygen Carriers for CLC
2.4.1 Metal Oxide Oxygen Carriers
2.4.2 Other Oxygen Carriers
2.5 Calcium Looping Combustion
References
Chapter 3: Process Simulations and Techno-Economic Analysis with Aspen Plus
3.1 Aspen Plus
3.2 iG-CLC Process Simulation
3.2.1 Validation of the iG-CLC Process Simulation
3.2.2 Energy Output of Different Ranks of Coals
3.3 CLOU Process Simulation
3.3.1 Validation of the CLOU Process Simulation
3.3.2 Energy Output of Different Ranks of Coal
3.4 Multi-staged Fuel Reactor Simulation
3.4.1 Single-Stage Fuel Reactor Model
3.4.2 Two-Stage Fuel Reactor Model
3.4.3 Four-Stage Fuel Reactor Model
3.4.4 Techno-Economic Analysis
3.5 iG-CLC Process Simulation with a Mixture of Biomass and Coal
3.5.1 Process Simulations of Pure Biomass
3.5.2 Effect of Different Oxygen Carriers
3.5.3 Power Output of Mixture of Biomass and Coal
3.6 Calcium Looping Process
3.6.1 Calcium Looping with Post-combustion Capture
3.6.1.1 Process simulation Setup
3.6.1.2 Results and Discussion
3.6.2 Calcium Looping with Pre-Combustion Capture
3.6.2.1 Process Simulation Setup
3.6.2.2 Results and Discussion
3.6.3 Scaling Considerations
3.6.4 Techno-Economic Analysis
3.6.4.1 Results of Techno-Economic Analysis
3.6.4.2 Discussion
References
Chapter 4: Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Methodologies
4.1 Two-fluid Model
4.2 CFD-DEM Model
4.3 Drag Models
4.3.1 Wen and Yu Drag Model
4.3.2 Ergun Drag Model Equation
4.3.3 Gidaspow Drag Model
4.3.4 Syamlal and O´Brien Drag Model
4.3.5 Sub-grid Drag Model
4.4 Turbulence Models
4.4.1 Standard k-ε Turbulence Model
4.4.2 SST k-ω Turbulence Model
4.4.3 Wray-Agarwal (WA) Turbulence Model
4.4.4 Spalart-Allmaras (SA) Turbulence Model
4.5 Chemical Kinetics Models
4.5.1 Shrinking Core Model (SCM)
4.5.2 Changing Grain Size Model (CGSM)
4.5.3 Nucleation and Nuclei Growth Models (NNGM)
4.5.4 Kinetic Data
4.6 Softwares for Multiphase Flow Simulations
References
Chapter 5: Eulerian Simulation of a CLC Reactor
5.1 Description of the Experimental Setup
5.2 Chemical Reactions and Rates
5.3 Two-Dimensional Simulation of Experiment of Abad et al.
5.4 Three-Dimensional Simulation of Experiment of Abad et al.
References
Chapter 6: Lagrangian Simulation of a CLC Reactor
6.1 Simulation of Spouted Fluidized Bed Using Fe2O3 as Bed Material
6.2 Simulation of Spouted Fluidized Bed Using Fe2O3 Supported on MgAl2O4 as Bed Material
6.3 Simulation of Spouted Fluidized Bed with Pseudo-coal Injection
6.4 Simulation of Moving Bed Air Reactor
References
Chapter 7: CFD Simulations of a Single Reactor for CLC
7.1 Bubbling Fluidized Bed Fuel Reactor
7.2 Spouted Fluidized Bed Fuel Reactor
7.3 Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser Fuel Reactor
References
Chapter 8: Full-Loop Simulations of Chemical Looping Systems
8.1 Single-Loop Circulating Fluidized Bed Chemical Looping System
8.1.1 Chemical Looping System Utilizing a Moving Bed Air Reactor
8.1.2 Chemical Looping System Based on a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Fuel Reactor
8.2 Dual-Loop Circulating Fluidized Bed Chemical Looping System
8.2.1 System from Huazhong University of Science and Technology
8.2.2 System from Vienna University of Technology
8.2.3 System from the University of Utah
References
Chapter 9: Partial-Loop CLC Simulations
9.1 2D Partial-Loop Simulation of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor
9.2 2D Partial-Loop Simulation of a Dual-Loop Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor
9.3 3D Partial-Loop Simulation of a 120 kW Chemical Looping Combustion Pilot Plant
References
Chapter 10: Binary Particle Bed Simulations in a Carbon Stripper
10.1 Description of Experimental Setup
10.2 Computational Setup
10.3 Binary Particle Bed Simulation Results
References
Chapter 11: Review of Simulations of Gas-Fueled and Solid-Fueled CLC Process
11.1 Gas-Fuel-Based CLC Process
11.2 Solid-Fuel-Based CLC Process
References
Chapter 12: Scaling Laws for CFD-DEM Simulations of CLC
12.1 Parcels of Particles
12.2 Scaling Methodology and Law of Glicksman et al.
12.3 Scaling Methodology and Law of Link et al.
12.4 Scaling Methodology and Law of Banerjee and Agarwal
12.5 Description of Experimental Setup
12.6 Computational Setup
12.7 Simulations with Glass Beads
12.8 Simulations with γ-Al2O3 Particles
References
Chapter 13: Machine Learning for Chemical Looping Combustion
13.1 Machine Learning Fundamentals
13.1.1 Supervised Learning
13.1.1.1 Logistic Regression
13.1.1.2 Decision Tree
13.1.1.3 Random Forests
13.1.1.4 Neural Networks
13.1.1.5 Support Vector Machines
13.1.2 Unsupervised Learning
13.1.2.1 k-Means Clustering
13.1.2.2 Principal Component Analysis
13.1.3 Semi-supervised Learning
13.1.3.1 Reinforcement Learning
13.1.3.2 Generative Adversarial Network
13.2 Applications of Machine Learning to CLC
13.2.1 Application to Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser [15]
13.2.2 Application to the Design of New Oxygen Carriers [16]
13.2.3 Application to Optimization of a Moving Bed Reactor [17]
References
Chapter 14: Chemical Looping Beyond Combustion
14.1 Chemical Looping Air Separation
14.2 Chemical Looping Reforming
14.3 Chemical Looping Hydrogen Production
14.4 Chemical Looping Ammonia Production
14.5 Chemical Looping Oxidative Coupling of Methane
14.6 Chemical Looping Dehydroaromatization
14.7 Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation
14.8 Chemical Looping Reverse Water-Gas Shift
References
Chapter 15: Chemical Looping Combined with Carbon Capture and Sequestration
15.1 SAGCS Simulation for Mt. Simon Formation
15.2 SAGCS Simulation for Utsira Formation
15.2.1 Model #1: Generalized Stratified Model of Utsira Formation
15.2.2 Model #2: Detailed Three-Dimensional Model of Utsira Layer #9 Formation
References
Index