Modeling and Control of Ventilation

✍ Scribed by Jack L. Feldman (auth.), Stephen J. G. Semple, Lewis Adams, Brian J. Whipp (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer US
• Year: 1995
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 360
• Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 393
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The origins of what have come to be known as the "Oxford" Conferences on modelling and the control of breathing can be traced back to a discussion between Dan Cunningham and Richard Hercynski at a conference dinner at the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1971. Each felt that they had benefited from the different perspectives from which the topic of ventilatory control was approached - predominantly physiological in the case of Dr Cunningham and predominantly mathematical in the case of Dr Hercynski. Their judgement at that time was that a conference on the control of breathing which allowed investigators with these different (but related) scientific perspectives to present and discuss their work, might prove fruitful. We would judge that this has amply been borne out, based upon the success of the series of conferences which resulted from that seminal dinner conversation. The first conference, entitled "Modelling of a Biological Control System: The Regulation of Breathing" was held in Oxford, UK, in 1978. Subsequent conferences were: "Modelling and the Control of Breathing" at Lake Arrowhead, California, in 1982; "Con­ cepts and Formulations in the Control of Breathing" in Solignac, France, in 1985; "Respi­ ratory Control: A Modeling Perspective" at Grand Lakes, Colorado, in 1988; and "Control of Breathing and Its Modelling Persepctive" at the Fuji Institute in Japan in 1991. The conferences, subsequent to the one in Oxford, have all resulted in well-received published proceedings.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xiv
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Neurobiology of Breathing Control....Pages 3-5
New Computational Models of the Respiratory Oscillator in Mammals....Pages 7-13
Is the Pattern of Breathing at Rest Chaotic?....Pages 15-19
Control of Intermittent Ventilation in Lower Vertebrates....Pages 21-22
The Influence of Chemical and Mechanical Feedback on Ventilatory Pattern in a Model of the Central Respiratory Pattern Generator....Pages 23-28
Role of Acetylcholine as an Essential Neurotransmitter in Central Respiratory Drive....Pages 29-32
Effects of GABA Receptor Antagonists on the Raphe Magnus-Induced Inhibition of Bulbar and Spinal Respiratory Neural Activities in the Cat....Pages 33-38
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus (RTN) Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Long-Term Stimulation of Ventilatory Output....Pages 39-45
Expression of C-FOS in the Brain Stem of Rats during Hypercapnia....Pages 47-51
Two Distinct Descending Inputs to the Cricothyroid Motoneuron in the Medulla Originating from the Amygdala and the Lateral Hypothalamic Area....Pages 53-58
Trigeminal Motor Nucleus and Pontile Respiratory Regulation....Pages 59-62
Axon Branching of Medullary Expiratory Neurons in the Sacral Spinal Cord of the Cat....Pages 63-66
Vagal Cooling and the Origin of Pulmonary Reflexes in Cats....Pages 67-72
Apneic Snout Immersion in Trained Pigs Elicits a “Diving Response”....Pages 73-76
Interaction between Expiratory Time and Inspiration in Conscious Humans....Pages 77-77
Control of the Respiratory Cycle in Conscious Humans....Pages 79-80
Intellectual Work Using a Video Game Inhibits Post Hyperventilation Hyperpnoea Following Voluntary Hyperventilation While it Stimulates Breathing At Rest....Pages 81-84
Front Matter....Pages 85-85
Introduction to Session on the Pathophysiology of Breathing Control and Breathing: Awake and Asleep....Pages 87-88
Possible Genomic Mechanism Involved in Control Systems Responses to Hypoxia....Pages 89-94
Asynchronous Thoracoabdominal Movements in Chronic Airflow Obstruction (CAO)....Pages 95-100
Front Matter....Pages 85-85
Breathing Patterns under Enflurane, Halothane and Propofol Sedation in Humans....Pages 101-104
Multiple Modes of Periodic Breathing during Sleep....Pages 105-110
Volume History Response of Airway Resistance....Pages 111-115
Non-Stationarity of Breath-by-Breath Ventilation and Approaches to Modelling the Phenomenon....Pages 117-121
Effect of Repetitive Testing on Breathlessness....Pages 123-127
Pathophysiology of Breathing Control and Breathing Awake and Asleep....Pages 129-130
Front Matter....Pages 131-131
Exercise Hyperpnea....Pages 133-136
Respiratory Compensation, as Evidenced by a Declining Arterial and End-Tidal PCO 2 ,Is Attenuated During Fast Ramp Exercise Functions....Pages 137-142
Acute Ventilatory Response to Ramp Exercise while Breathing Hypoxic, Normoxic, or Hyperoxic Air....Pages 143-146
Ventilatory Responses During Ramp Exercise in Hyperoxia....Pages 147-152
Respiratory Compensation for the Metabolic Acidosis of Severe Exercise as a Modulator of Muscular Capillary O2-Unloading....Pages 153-158
Effects of Base Line Changes in Work Rate on Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in Incremental and Decremental Ramp Exercise....Pages 159-164
Simulation of Asymmetrical O 2 Uptake Kinetics during Incremental and Decremental Ramp Exercise....Pages 165-171
Core Temperature Thresholds for Ventilation during Exercise....Pages 173-177
Modelling the Effect of Taper on Performance, Maximal Oxygen Uptake, and the Anaerobic Threshold in Endurance Triathletes....Pages 179-186
Is the Slow Component of Exercise $$ (\dot V{o_2}) $$ a Respiratory Adaptation to Anaerobiosis?....Pages 187-194
Effects of Age on $$ (\dot V{O_2}) $$ Kinetics During Calf and Cycling Exercise....Pages 195-200
$$ \dot V{O_2} $$ on-Transient Kinetics with a Centrally Acting Calcium Channel Blocker....Pages 201-205
Dynamics of the Pulmonary O 2 Uptake to Blood Flow Ratio $$\left( {{\rm{\dot VO}}_{\rm{2}} {\rm{/\dot Q}}} \right)$$ During and Following Constant-Load Exercise....Pages 207-211
Exercise Ventilation and K + in Patients with COPD....Pages 213-217
Front Matter....Pages 131-131
Phase-Coupling of Arterial Blood Gas Oscillations and Ventilatory Kinetics during Exercise in Humans....Pages 219-224
Optimization of Respiratory Pattern during Exercise....Pages 225-229
Breathing in Exercising Quadrupeds....Pages 231-234
Dynamic Chemoreceptiveness Studied in Man during Moderate Exercise Breath by Breath....Pages 235-238
CO 2 Retention during Exercise....Pages 239-243
Hypoxic Exercise does not Elicit Longterm Modulation of the Normoxic Exercise Ventilatory Response in Goats....Pages 245-248
Front Matter....Pages 249-249
Respiratory Responses to Hypoxia Peripheral and Central Effects....Pages 251-256
Hypoxic Ventilatory Depression May be Due to Central Chemoreceptor Cell Hyperpolarization....Pages 257-260
Central Hypoxic Chemoreceptors in the Ventrolateral Medulla and Caudal Hypothalamus....Pages 261-266
Ventilatory Responses to Isocapnic Hypoxia in the Eighth Decade....Pages 267-270
Hypoxic Ventilatory Response near Normocapnia....Pages 271-275
A Comparison between the Effects of 8 Hours of Isocapnic Hypdxia and 8 Hours of Poikilocapnic Hypoxia on Respiratory Control in Humans....Pages 277-281
Individual Differences in Ventilatory and HR Responses to Progressive Hypoxia Following 100% O 2 Exposure in Humans....Pages 283-286
Changes in Blood Flow in the Middle Cerebral Artery in Response to Acute Isocapnic Hyoxia in Humans....Pages 287-292
Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity Studied during Quiet Breathing, Reflex Hypercapnic Breathing and Volitionally Copied Eucapnic Breathing in Man....Pages 293-295
The Effects of Hypoxia and Hyperoxia on the 1/F Nature of Breath-by-Breath Ventilatory Variability....Pages 297-302
Cholinergic Dimensions to Carotid Body Chemotransduction....Pages 303-308
Gases as Chemical Messengers in the Carotid Body....Pages 309-312
Interactive Ventilatory Effects of Carotid Body Hypoxia and Hypocapnia in the Unanesthetized Dog....Pages 313-316
The Postnatal Potentiation of Chemoreceptor Sensitivity to O 2 and CO 2 in the in Vitro Rat Carotid Body is Blunted by Chronic Hypoxaemia....Pages 317-322
Front Matter....Pages 249-249
The Excitation of Carotid Body Chemoreceptors of the Cat by Potassium and Noradrenaline....Pages 323-330
Activation of Limbic Structures during CO 2 -Stimulated Breathing in Awake Man....Pages 331-334
Improvements to the PRBS Method for Measuring Ventilatory Response to CO 2 ....Pages 335-339
Intralaryngeal CO 2 Reduces the Inspiratory Drive in Cats by Sensory Feedback from the Larynx....Pages 341-346
Investigation of Central CO 2 -Sensitivity around Eucapnia in Awake Humans Using a Brief Hypoxic Stimulus....Pages 347-350
Central-Peripheral Ventilatory Chemoreflex Interaction in Humans....Pages 351-355
Subcellular Control of Oxygen Transport....Pages 357-361
Muscle Perfusion and Control of Breathing....Pages 363-368
Back Matter....Pages 369-373

✦ Subjects

Cardiology;Animal Physiology;Biophysics and Biological Physics;Biomedical Engineering