Modalities in Medieval Logic [PhD Thesis]
β Scribed by Sara L. Uckelman
- Publisher
- University of Amsterdam
- Year
- 2009
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 251
- Series
- ILLC Dissertation Series DS-2009-04
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Table of Contents
1 The changing scope of logic 1
1.1 Two views on the scope of logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 βHistory ofβ as an operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1 The via antiqua and via nova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 The Humanist revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 A modern view of medieval logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2 Logic and the condemnations of 1277 15
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.1 The condemnation in Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.2 The prohibition in Oxford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2 Historical background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.1 The structure of a university . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2.2 Previous condemnations and strictures . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.3 The propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4 After the condemnation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.1 Oxford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.2 Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.5 Modal and temporal logic in the 14th century . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5.1 Modal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.5.2 Temporal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.6 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3 St. Anselm on agency and obligation 41
3.1 Agency as a modal notion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2 Anselm on facere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2.1 Philosophical and theological motivations . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.2 The types and modes of doing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.3 Semantics for non-normal modal logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.4 The syntax of agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.5 Human agency, obligation, and goodness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4 13th-century quantified modal logic 67
4.1 Modes and modal propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.1.1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.1.2 Quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.1.3 Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2 Inferential relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.2.1 Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.2.2 Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.2.3 Modal syllogisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.3 Contrasts with modern views of modal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.3.1 The nature of modality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.3.2 The truth conditions of modal sentences . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.3.3 Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5 A quantified predicate logic for ampliation and restriction 85
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2 Basic notions and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.3 Appellation, ampliation, and restriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.4 Constructing a formal model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.5 Applying the formal model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.6 Conclusions and future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6 Swyneshedβs notion of self-falsification 103
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6.2 Paradoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.2.1 Fitchβs paradox of knowability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
6.2.2 The Liar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.2.3 Solutions to paradoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.3 Modern responses to Fitchβs Paradox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.3.1 Dynamic epistemic logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.3.2 Van Benthemβs solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.4 Medieval responses to the Liar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.4.1 Na¨ıve restriction strategy solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6.4.2 Roger Swyneshedβs solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6.5 Announcement pointer semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
7 A logic for the trinity 121
7.1 Paralogisms of the trinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
7.2 The text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
7.3 Background theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.3.1 Modes of being and speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
7.3.2 Supposition theory and the distribution of terms . . . . . . 130
7.3.3 Expository syllogisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
7.4 The formal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.4.1 Language and models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.4.2 Properties of the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
7.5 Resolving the paradoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
A Logical preliminaries 151
A.1 Categorical syllogisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
A.2 Kripke semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
A.3 Quantified modal logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
B On modal propositions 157
B.1 Aquinas, On modal propositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
B.2 Pseudo-Aquinas, excerpts from Summa totius logicae Aristotelis . 159
Tract. 6, cap. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Tract. 6, cap. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Tract. 6, cap. 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Tract. 6, cap. 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Tract. 7, cap. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Tract. 7, cap. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Tract. 7, cap. 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Tract. 7, cap. 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Tract. 7, cap. 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
C Trinitarian predication & syllogizing 177
Bibliography 199
Index 223
Samenvatting 229
Abstract 231
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
This dissertation is about extending modal logic. It tells you what a system of extended modal logic is, it gives you three case studies of systems of modal logic, and it gives you very general approaches to two important themes in modal logic.
This dissertation is about extending modal logic. It tells you what a system of extended modal logic is, it gives you three case studies of systems of modal logic, and it gives you very general approaches to two important themes in modal logic.
This is a doctoral dissertation of Edith Spaan under the supervision of prof. Johan van Benthem.
This is a doctoral dissertation of Yde Venema under the supervision of prof. Johan van Benthem.