Preface
Contents
Acronyms
1 Introduction
1.1 mmWave Communication
1.1.1 Motivation of mmWave Communication
1.1.2 Concept and Applications
1.1.3 Development of mmWave Communication
1.2 Industry Progress, Projects, and Standardization
1.2.1 Industry Progress
1.2.2 Research Projects
1.2.3 Standardization
1.2.3.1 Standards at the Unlicensed Bands
1.2.3.2 Standards at the Licensed Bands
1.2.3.3 Commercial Products
1.3 Research Challenges in mmWave Networks
1.3.1 Physical Layer
1.3.2 MAC Layer
1.3.3 Network Layer
1.4 Aim of the Monograph
References
2 Literature Review of mmWave Networks
2.1 Characteristics of mmWave Communication
2.1.1 Large Bandwidth
2.1.2 Huge Path Loss
2.1.3 Sparse Channel
2.1.4 Directional Antennas
2.1.5 Blockage Effect
2.2 Beamforming Technology
2.2.1 Digital Beamforming
2.2.2 Analog Beamforming
2.2.3 Hybrid Beamforming
2.3 Beamforming Training Protocol in IEEE 802.11ad
2.3.1 Overview of 802.11ad Beamforming Training Protocol
2.3.2 Sector Level Sweep
2.3.3 Beam Refinement Protocol
2.3.4 Beam Searching Complexity
2.4 Multi-armed Bandit Theory
2.5 Summary
References
3 Machine Learning-Based Beam Alignment in mmWave Networks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Related Works on Beam Alignment
3.3 System Model and Problem Formulation
3.3.1 Beam Alignment Model
3.3.2 Problem Statement
3.4 Fast Beam Alignment Scheme
3.4.1 Correlation Structure Among Beams
3.4.2 Prior Knowledge of mmWave Networks
3.4.3 Learning-Based Beam Alignment Algorithm
3.5 Theoretical Analysis
3.5.1 Algorithm Complexity Analysis
3.5.2 Cumulative Regret Performance Analysis
3.6 Performance Evaluation
3.6.1 Simulation Setup
3.6.2 Cumulative Regret
3.6.3 Measurement Complexity and Beam Detection Accuracy
3.6.4 Beam Alignment Latency
3.7 Summary
References
4 Beamforming Training Protocol Design and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Existing Works on Beamforming Training
4.2.1 Beamforming Training Schemes
4.2.2 MAC Performance Analysis
4.3 Beamforming Training Protocol in 802.11ad
4.3.1 Beamforming Training Procedure
4.3.2 BFT-MAC Protocol
4.4 Performance Analysis and Enhancement for BFT-MAC
4.4.1 Analytical Model for BFT-MAC
4.4.2 Performance Analysis
4.4.2.1 Successful Beamforming Training Probability Analysis
4.4.2.2 Average Beamforming Training Latency Analysis
4.4.2.3 Normalized Throughput Analysis
4.4.2.4 Maximum Normalized Throughput Analysis
4.4.2.5 Enhancement Scheme for 802.11ad BFT-MAC
4.5 Performance Evaluation for 802.11ad BFT-MAC
4.5.1 Simulation Setup
4.5.2 Validation of Analytical Model
4.5.3 Enhancement Scheme Evaluation
4.6 Multiuser Beamforming Training Protocol Design and Analysis
4.6.1 Existing Works on Multiuser Transmission
4.6.2 Multiuser Transmission Scheme
4.6.2.1 Hybrid Beamforming Architecture
4.6.2.2 Proposed Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm
4.6.3 Multiuser Beamforming Training Protocol
4.6.4 Protocol Overhead Analysis
4.6.4.1 Beamforming Training Time Analysis of 802.11ad Protocol
4.6.4.2 Beamforming Training Time Analysis of Proposed Protocol
4.7 Protocol Performance Evaluation
4.7.1 Simulation Setup
4.7.2 Simulation Results
4.8 Summary
References
5 Beamforming-Aided Cooperative Edge Caching in mmWave Dense Networks
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Related Works on Edge Caching
5.3 System Model
5.3.1 Network Model
5.3.2 Content Popularity Model
5.3.3 Directional Antenna Model
5.3.4 mmWave Channel Model
5.3.5 Transmission Model
5.4 D2D-Assisted Cooperative Edge Caching (DCEC) Policy
5.4.1 Scheme Design
5.4.2 Backhaul Offloading Analysis
5.5 Content Retrieval Delay Analysis
5.5.1 Backhaul Transmission Rate Analysis
5.5.2 Nearest SBS Transmission Rate Analysis
5.5.3 SBS Cluster Transmission Rate Analysis
5.5.4 D2D Transmission Rate Analysis
5.6 Performance Evaluation
5.6.1 Simulation Setup
5.6.2 Backhaul Offloading Performance
5.6.3 Transmission Performance
5.6.4 Content Retrieval Delay
5.7 Summary
References
6 Summary and Future Directions
6.1 Summary
6.1.1 Beam Alignment Scheme Design
6.1.2 MAC Performance Evaluation and Enhancement
6.1.3 Backhaul Alleviation Scheme Design
6.2 Future Directions
6.2.1 Beam Alignment Under High Mobility
6.2.2 Efficient QoS-Aware MAC Protocol
6.2.3 Blockage-Aware mmWave Network