Microwave transmission line couplers

✍ Scribed by J. A. G. Malherbe

• Publisher: Artech House
• Year: 1988
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 234
• Series: Artech House microwave library
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

PREFACE
1 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Network Parameters
1.2.1 Scattering Parameters
1.2.2 Odd and Even Networks
1.2.3 Transmission Line Properties
1.2.4 Transmission Line Network Model
1.2.5 ABCD Parameters
1.2.6 Interrelationship
1.3 Definition of Coupler Parameters
1.4 Physical Structures
1.5 Analysis
References
2 BRANCH-LINE DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS AND POWER DIVIDERS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Scattering Parameter Synthesis
2.2.1 Synthesis of a 180° Hybrid Coupler
2.2.2 90° Branch-line Coupler
2.2.3 Power Divider
2.3 Branch-line Hybrid, Odd- and Even-Mode Analysis
2.3.1 Even- and Odd-Mode Admittances
2.3.2 Performance at Band Center
2.3.3 Variation of Parameters with Frequency
2.3.4 Limits on Physical Realization
2.4 Rat-race Hybrids
2.4.1 Odd- and Even-Mode Analysis
2.4.2 Conditions at Band Center
2.4.3 Stepped Hybrid-Ring Directional Coupler
2.4.4 Other Realizations
2.5 Power Dividers
2.5.1 Equal-Split Compensated Power Dividers
2.5.2 Power Dividers with Unequal Power Split
References
3 WIDEBAND CONNECTED-LINE COUPLERS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Wideband Branch-line Couplers
3.2.1 Matrix Properties of Symmetrical Couplers
3.2.2 The Synthesis Problem
3.2.2.1 Butterworth Response
3.2.2.2 Chebyschev Response
3.2.3 Synthesis Procedure
3.2.4 Prototypes
3.3 Design Example
3.4 Wideband Power Dividers
3.4.1 Uncoupled Lines
3.4.1.1 Design Formulas for N = 2
3.4.1.2 General Design Formulas for N ≥ 3
3.4.2 Power Dividers with Coupled Lines
3.4.3 Coupled-Line Equations
3.5 Design Example
References
4 SINGLE-SECTION COUPLED-LINE DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Coupler Action
4.2.1 Responses
4.2.2 Isolation
4.2.3 Match
4.2.4 Coupler Condition
4.2.5 Coupling
4.3 Couplers with Unequal Characteristic Impedances
4.4 Multiple Coupled Lines
4.4.1 Lange Coupler
4.5 Design Examples
4.5.1 Stripline Couplers, Low Coupling
4.5.2 Offset Parallel-coupled Stripline
4.5.3 Parallel-Coupled Bars
4.5.4 Coupled Microstrip Line
4.5.5 Lange Coupler
4.6 Tandem Connection of Directional Couplers
References
5 WIDEBAND STEPPED COUPLED-LINE COUPLERS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cascade Connection Equivalence
5.2.1 Equivalent Flow Graph of Two Sections
5.2.2 Unit Element Equivalent Circuit
5.3 Stepped Asymmetric Couplers
5.3.1 Prototype Synthesis Procedure
5.3.2 Cascade Network Properties
5.3.3 Synthesis Example
5.3.4 Tables for Asymmetric Couplers
5.4 Stepped Symmetrical Couplers
5.4.1 Special Equiripple Polynomials
5.4.2 Prototype Synthesis Procedure
5.4.3 Network Synthesis
5.4.4 Tables for Symmetrical Couplers
References
6 ULTRAWIDEBAND COUPLERS WITH CONTINUOUSLY VARYING CROSS SECTION
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Tapered-Line Magic-T
6.2.1 Equivalent Circuit
6.2.2 Tapered-Line Transformer
6.2.3 Design Example
6.3 Symmetrical 90° Directional Couplers
6.3.1 Couplers with Periodic Zeros in p(u)
6.3.2 Design Example
6.4 Asymmetric Chebyschev High-Pass Couplers
6.4.1 Synthesis Procedure
6.4.2 Polynomial Representation
6.4.3 Design Example
References
APPENDIX A. NETWORK ANALYSIS PROGRAMS
A1 Introduction
A2 Program SYMFOUR
A2.1 Method of Calculation
A2.2 Preparation
A2.3 Running
A2.4 Analysis Examples
A2.4.1 Branch-line Hybrid
A2.4.2 Optimized Hybrid Ring
A2.4.3 Wideband Branch-line Coupler
A2.4.4 Coupled-Line Section
A3 Program SYMTHREE
A3.1 Method of Calculation
A3.2 Preparation and Running
A3.3 Two-Section Power Divider
A4 Program Listings
A4.1 SYMFOUR
A4.2 SYMTHREE
APPENDIX B. COUPLED-LINE PARAMETERS
B1 Introduction
B2 Materials
B2.1 Conductor Thickness
B2.2 Substrates
B3 Parallel Coupled Lines
B3.1 Equations
B3.2 Design Data
B3.3 Limits on Coupling
B4 Offset Parallel-Coupled Striplines
B4.1 Equations
B4.1.1 Tight Coupling
B4.1.2 Loose Coupling
B4.2 Design Data
B4.3 Limits on Coupling
B5 Parallel Coupled Bars
B5.1 Equations
B5.2 Design Data
B5.3 Limits on Coupling
B6 Coupled Microstrip Lines
B6.1 Equations
B6.2 Design Data
B6.3 Limits on Coupling
B7 Single Lines
B8 Program Listing: LDIMS
References
INDEX