Microwave Circulator Design, Second Edition

✍ Scribed by Douglas K. Linkhart

• Publisher: Artech House
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 386
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Circulator design has advanced significantly since the first edition of this book was published 25 years ago. The objective of this second edition is to present theory, information, and design procedures that will enable microwave engineers and technicians to design and build circulators successfully. This resource contains a discussion of the various units used in the circulator design computations, as well as covers the theory of operation. This book presents numerous applications, giving microwave engineers new ideas about how to solve problems using circulators. Design examples are provided, which demonstrate how to apply the information to real-world design tasks.

✦ Table of Contents

Microwave Circulator Design
Second Edition
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Theory of Operation
1.1 Units, Conversions, and Symbols
1.2 The Physical Basis of Ferrimagnetism
1.3 Ferrimagnetic Resonance
1.4 Microwave Propagation in Ferrites
1.5 Other Technologies
1.5.1 Semiconductor Circulators
1.5.2 Nanotechnology Circulators
1.5.3 Thin Ferrite Films
1.5.4 Active Circulators
References
2 Circulator Specification
2.1 The Parameters
2.2 Reflections and Segmentation
2.3 Junction Circulators
2.3.1 Single- Ferrite (Non- Composite) Junction Circulators
2.3.2 Composite- Ferrite Junction Circulators
2.4 Lumped- Constant Circulators
2.5 Differential Phase Shift Circulators
2.6 Switching Circulators
2.7 Okada Circulators
2.8 Field- Displacement Isolators
2.9 Resonance Isolators
References
3 Applications of Circulators
3.1 Load Isolation
3.2 Duplexing
3.3 Multiplexing
3.4 Parametric Amplifiers
3.5 Phase Shifting
References
4 Material Selection
4.1 Ferrites
4.1.1 Ferrite Classes
4.1.2 Ferrite Manufacturing
4.1.3 Design Considerations
4.1.4 Test Methods
4.1.5 Specifications
4.1.6 Temperature Effects
4.1.7 Ferrite Selection
4.2 Magnet Selection
4.3 Magnetic Compensating Material Selection
4.4 Dielectric Selection
4.5 Metals Selection
References
5 Electrical Design
5.1 Junction Circulators
5.1.1 Basic Principles
5.1.2 Historical Papers
5.1.3 Above- Resonance Approximations
5.1.4 Below- Resonance Approximations
5.1.5 Network Synthesis
5.1.6 Center Conductor Geometries
5.1.7 Waveguide Junction Geometries
5.1.8 Stripline Circulator Synthesis Algorithm
5.1.9 Microstrip Circulator Synthesis Algorithm
5.1.10 Waveguide Junction Circulator Synthesis Algorithm
5.1.11 Okada Circulators
5.1.12 Circulators Having Composite Ferrites
5.2 Lumped- Constant Circulators
5.3 Differential Phase Shift Circulators
5.4 Resonance Isolators
5.5 Dummy Loads for Isolators
5.6 Temperature Effects
5.7 Intermodulation Distortion
5.8 RF Power Effects
5.8.1 Steady- State Thermal Effects
5.8.2 Transient Thermal Effects
5.8.3 Voltage Breakdown
5.8.4 Spin- Wave Instability
References
6 Magnetic Design
6.1 Magnet Sizing
6.1.1 Ferrite Demagnetization Factors
6.1.2 Leakage Flux Approximation
6.1.3 Approximate Design of Magnetic Circuits
6.1.4 Simulation of Magnetic Circuits
6.2 Shielding
6.3 Temperature Compensation
6.4 Completing the Circuit
6.5 Special Cases
6.5.1 Switching Circulators
6.5.2 Self-Biased Circulators
6.5.3 Considerations for Microstrip Circulators
References
7 Mechanical Design
7.1 Thermal Considerations
7.1.1 Stripline Power Handling
7.1.2 Power Dissipation in Ferrites
7.1.3 Cooling of Ferrites
7.2 Venting
7.3 Coaxial Junction Circulators
7.3.1 Packaging Techniques
7.3.2 Dimensional Tolerances
7.3.3 Controlling Cavity Resonances
7.3.4 Transitions
7.3.5 RFI Control
7.3.6 Dissimilar Metals
7.3.7 Finishes
7.4 Lumped-Constant Circulators
7.5 Waveguide Circulators
7.6 Resonance Isolators
References
8 Assembly and Testing
8.1 Assembly Techniques
8.2 Testing
8.2.1 Finding the Operating Point
8.2.2 Taking Data
8.2.3 RF Power Testing
8.2.4 Intermodulation Testing
8.2.5 Multipaction Testing
8.2.6 Magnetic Moment Measurement
8.2.7 Measurement Uncertainty and Gauge Studies
References
9 Tuning
9.1 Interaction Between Magnetic and Eletrical Adjustments
9.2 Magnetic Adjustment
9.2.1 Above-Resonance Magnetic Adjustment
9.2.2 Below-Resonance Magnetic Adjustment
9.2.3 Magnet Charging, Calibration, and Stabilization
9.3 Electrical Adjustment
9.4 Eigenvalue Evaluation
References
10 Design Examples
10.1 Introduction to Examples
10.2 Above-Resonance Stripline Junction Circulator
10.3 Below-Resonance Stripline Junction Circulator
10.4 Waveguide Junction Circulator
10.5 Microstrip Circulator
10.6 Differential Phase Shift Circulator
10.7 Lumped-Constant Circulator
Reference
List of Symbols
Frequently Used Equations
About the Author
Index