Microextraction Techniques: Fundamentals, Applications and Recent Developments (Integrated Analytical Systems)

✍ Scribed by Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado (editor), Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez (editor), Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 357
• Edition: 1st ed. 2024
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents detailed descriptions of the most relevant sorbent based and solvent-based microextraction techniques. The development of such miniaturised techniques is an important focus area in Green Analytical Chemistry as it allows for the reduction of toxic solvents and hazardous substances and decreases the complexity, cost, and time of analytical procedures. Numerous advances have been made in this field, and currently, there are a great number of microextraction techniques thanks to the development of novel materials such as nanomaterials and green solvents. This book provides an overview of the two main groups of microextractions, sorbent-based, and solvent-based. Each chapter focuses on the description of the technique fundamentals, the main applications, and the novel developments carried out in recent years written by a renowned expert or group of experts in the field. The main audience will be graduates, postgraduates, and researchers. It is also a useful resource for Master and Ph.D. students that are working in the development of sustainable extraction techniques

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
1 Introduction
2 Conclusions
References
Sorbent-Based Microextractions
Micro-solid-phase extraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamental Characteristics
3 Novel Developments, and Applications
3.1 Two-Dimensional Materials
3.2 Silica-Based Materials
3.3 Layered Double Hydroxides
3.4 Metal–Organic Frameworks
3.5 Covalent-Organic Frameworks
3.6 Chitosan- and Cellulose-Based Materials
4 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Dispersive-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
2.1 Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction
2.2 Dispersive Micro Solid Phase Extraction
3 Sorbents in Dispersive Micro-solid Phase Extraction
3.1 Micromaterials
3.2 Nanostructured Sorbents
4 Dispersion Techniques in Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction
4.1 External Energy Source in the Dispersion Step
4.2 Chemical Dispersion
5 Trends in Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction
6 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Solid-Phase Microextraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
3 Novel Developments
4 Main Applications
4.1 Environmental Applications
4.2 Food Applications
4.3 Biological Applications
4.4 In vivo Applications
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
3 Main Limitations and Solutions
3.1 Derivatization
3.2 Novel Workflows in SBSE
3.3 Alternative Coatings for SBSE
4 Novel Developments
4.1 Magnetically Stirred Units
4.2 Mechanically Stirred Devices
5 Future Remarks
References
Matrix Solid-Phase Disperion
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
2.1 General Information About MSPD
3 Novel Developments
3.1 New Sorption Materials
3.2 Assisted MSPD Extraction
3.3 Coupling MSPD with Other Isolation Techniques
4 Main Application
4.1 Analysis of Secondary Plant Metabolites
4.2 Analysis of Hazardous Substances
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Solvent-Based Microextractions
Single-Drop Microextraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
2.1 SDME Approaches
2.2 Theoretical Aspects of SDME
3 Novel Developments
3.1 Evolution of SDME Modes: Main Achievements
3.2 Extractant Phases in SDME
3.3 SDME Combined with Different Analytical Techniques
4 Performance Overview and Recent Applications
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Hollow-Fibre Liquid-Phase Microextraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
3 Novel Developments
3.1 External Force-Assisted HF-LPME and EME
3.2 Novel Membrane Materials
3.3 Novel Green Solvents
3.4 Novel Sorbents
3.5 Automation and High Throughput
4 Main Application
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
2.1 Requirements of Organic Solvents Used in DLLME
2.2 Experimental Variables in DLLME
2.3 Modes of DLLME
3 New Developments in DLLME
3.1 New Extractants in DLLME
3.2 Phase Separation by SFOD
3.3 Automation of DLLME
4 Application of DLLME
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals
3 Novel Developments
3.1 New Solvents for HLLME
3.2 New Techniques of Phase Separation
3.3 Automation of HLLME
4 New Phase Separation Agents in HLLME
4.1 Salting-Out Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction (SALLME)
4.2 Sugaring-Out Homogeneous Liquid–liquid Microextraction (SULLME)
4.3 Hydrophobic Substance Induced Homogenous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
4.4 pH Induced Homogeneous Liquid–liquid Microextraction
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References