โ Scribed by R.Y. Surampalli; S.K. Banerji; J.C. Chen
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Proposed United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations require that processed sludge, prior to disposal, must meet certain pathogen-reduction requirements. The present study was conducted to evaluate reductions in pathogen-indicator bacteria in the slugdes of six wastewater plants. Five of the plants use extended aeration and oxidation ditches; the other is a trickling filter plant. Fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus, and Salmonella were measured on all sludge samples. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, volatile suspended solids (VSS), and total suspended solids were also measured. The fecal coliform log reductions/g VSS for all the extended aeration and oxidation ditch plants were greater than 1"76. They varied from a log reduction of 1.76 to 4"21. The fecal streptococci reductions for the same sludge were generally lower than the fecal coliform reductions. The variations in the fecal streptococci log reductions in different plant sludges were from 0"87 to 2"73. The Salmonella log reductions varied from 1"39 to 4"7 and paralleled the fecal coliform reductions. The bacterial reductions were related to the plant design parameters. A longer storage of sludge usually produced a larger log reduction of the indicator bacteria. Generally, the extended aeration and oxidation ditch plants were meeting the proposed EPA class B Pathogen reduction criteria, a two-order reduction.
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## Abstract Efficient production of hydrogen, approximately ten times greater than reported in the literature, could be achieved using __Clostridium bifermentans__ isolated from waste water sludge as inoculum. Copyright ยฉ 2004 Society of Chemical Industry