Microbial products for future industrialization (Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances)

✍ Scribed by Angana Sarkar (editor), Idris Adewale Ahmed (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 416
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book “Microbial Products for Future Industrialization” focuses on the exploitation of various advanced microbial and molecular biology technologies and their associated processes, especially the microbial-molecular-chemical nexus, for the future industrialization of emerging new microbial products. The descriptions given in its chapters take the reader through an entire journey of new emerging microbial products from lab to industry and provide new information that has not yet been fully exploited for future industrialization steps. This volume is a great resource for readers seeking a more comprehensive material covering the technical, economic, and societal aspects that impact bioprocessing of microbial products at the industrial level along with biotechnological intervention for better production of microbial products in near future. This book also encompasses advanced and updated information as well as future directions for young researchers and scientists, and academics who are working in the field of microbial product production related to sustainability.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Microbial Product Commercialization from Lab to Industry
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Natural and Recombinant Microbial Products and Various Industry Types
1.3 In Lab But Not in Industry
1.4 Basic Processes for Microbial Product Transfer from Lab to Industry
1.4.1 Preparation of Inoculum
1.4.2 Developmental Process of Inoculum for Fermentation
1.4.3 Development of Inoculum Monitoring
1.4.3.1 Inoculum Transfer to the Fermenter Vessel or the Process of Scaling Up
1.4.4 Biological Performances Affected Due To Different Parameters of the Process
1.5 Drawbacks or Hurdles
1.6 Ethical Clearance
1.7 Future Prospects
References
Chapter 2: Assessment of Microbes and Microbial Products for Future Industrialization
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Microbes and Microbial Products in Plant Health and Nutrition
2.3 Microbial Products as Insect Control Agents
2.4 Microbes as Fuel and Energy
References
Chapter 3: Design and Operation of New Microbial Product Bioprocessing System
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Development of Upstream Process
3.2.1 Microbial Bioactive Natural Products
3.2.1.1 Antibiotic
3.2.1.2 Antifungal Agents
3.2.1.3 Anticancer and Antitumor
3.2.1.4 Immunosuppressant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents
3.2.1.5 Antidiabetic, Antiparasitic and Insecticides
3.2.1.6 Biofilm-Inhibitory Agents
3.2.1.7 Biofuels and Bioenergy
3.2.1.8 Microbial Enzymes
3.2.2 Microbial Cell Factories
3.2.2.1 Gram-Negative Bacteria
3.2.2.2 Gram-Positive Bacteria
3.2.2.3 Yeast/Fungi
3.2.2.4 Microbial Consortia
3.2.3 Strategy for Product Enhancement
3.2.3.1 Strain Improvement
3.2.3.2 Protein Engineering
3.2.3.3 Protoplast Fusion
3.2.3.4 Metabolic Engineering
3.2.3.5 Recombinant DNA Technology
3.2.3.6 Mutasynthesis
3.2.3.7 Precursor Engineering Supply
3.2.3.8 Pathway Engineering
3.2.4 Inoculum Development
3.3 Types of Fermentation
3.3.1 Solid State Fermentation (SSF)
3.3.1.1 Factors Influencing of SSF
3.3.2 Submerged Fermentation (SmF)
3.3.2.1 Batch Fermentation
3.3.2.2 Continuous Fermentation
3.3.2.3 Fed-Batch Fermentation
3.3.3 Design of Bioreactor
3.3.4 Linked Bioreactor System
3.4 Bioprocess Optimization
3.5 Process Measurement
3.6 Bioprocess Control
3.7 Recent Progress in Upstream Processing
3.7.1 Quality by Design Approach
3.7.2 Process Analytical Technology
3.7.3 Upstream High-Throughput Cultivation Systems
3.8 Downstream Process
3.8.1 Stages of Downstream Process
3.8.1.1 Cell Disruption
3.8.1.2 Precipitation
3.8.1.3 Flocculation
3.8.1.4 Sedimentation
3.8.1.5 Centrifugation
3.8.1.6 Filtration
3.8.1.7 Solvent Extraction
3.8.1.8 Solvent Recovery
3.8.1.9 Salting Out
3.8.1.10 Chromatography
3.8.2 Product Formulation
3.9 Recent Progress in Downstream Processing
3.9.1 High-Throughput Technologies
3.9.2 Single-Use Technologies
3.9.3 Downstream Process Analytical Technology
3.9.4 Modeling Approach
3.9.5 Continuous Downstream Processing
3.9.6 Integrated Continuous Bioprocessing
3.9.7 Combinatorial Approaches
3.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Industrial Aspect of Marine Bioprocessing
4.1 Marine Bioprocessing
4.2 Sources of Marine Products
4.3 Steps Involved in Bioprocessing of Marine Products
4.4 Catalyst Involved in Marine Bioprocessing
4.5 Upstreaming and Downstreaming of Bioprocessing
4.6 Product Isolation and Purification of the Product
4.7 Polishing of the Product
4.8 Marine Microorganisms
4.8.1 Culturable and Nonculturable Organisms
4.9 Cosmeceutical
4.10 Therapeutics
4.11 Microalgae As a Source of Biomaterials and Pharmaceuticals
4.12 Neuropharmacological Properties of Marine Microorganisms
4.13 Pharmaceutical Aspect of Metabolites from Marine Algae
4.14 Bioprocess Engineering Data on Marine Bacteria
4.15 Metabolite Production from Marine Microorganisms
4.15.1 Marine Bacteria
4.15.2 Cyanobacteria
4.15.3 Fungus
4.15.4 Actinomycetes
4.16 Biopolymer Production
4.17 Enzymes and Other Proteins Production
4.18 Pigments Produced by Marine Microorganisms
4.19 Biosurfactants
References
Chapter 5: Application of Cutting-Edge Molecular Biotechnological Tools in Microbial Bioprocessing
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 The Emergence of Molecular Biotechnological Tools in Microbial Bioprocessing
5.1.2 The Historical Aspect of Molecular Biotechnological Techniques and Some Important Events
5.2 Molecular Biotechnological Tools
5.2.1 Molecular Techniques: Recombinant DNA Technology
5.2.1.1 Restriction Enzymes
5.2.1.2 Vectors
5.2.1.2.1 Host Selection
5.2.1.2.2 RDT Procedure
5.2.1.2.3 Application
5.2.2 Dynamic Single-Cell Analysis Techniques: Flow Cytometry
5.2.3 Other Techniques
5.2.3.1 Fish
5.2.3.2 DNA Microarray
5.2.3.3 16s rRNA Sequencing Technique
5.2.3.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.2.3.5 DGGE
5.2.3.6 TGGE
5.2.3.7 SSCP
5.2.3.8 RISA
5.2.3.9 RFLP
5.2.3.10 GCMS
5.2.3.11 LCMS
5.3 The Measure Breakthrough in These Techniques
5.3.1 CRISPR-CAS Technique
5.3.1.1 CRISPR/Cas9 Structure
5.3.1.2 Principle
5.3.1.3 Mechanism of Action
5.3.1.4 CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout and Knockin
5.3.2 TALEN: Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease Technique
5.3.3 CASFISH Technique
5.3.4 SAGE Technique
5.3.5 MALDI-TOF
5.4 Significance of Molecular Biotechnological Tools in Microbial Bioprocessing
5.4.1 Application in the Pharmaceutical Sector
5.4.2 Application in Food Production and Processing
5.4.3 Application in Waste Management/Role in Bio-Remediation
5.4.4 Application in Biofuel Production
5.5 Future Aspects
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Engineering Strategies for the Biovalorization of Hemicellulosic Fraction into Value-Added Products: An Approach To...
6.1 Background
6.2 Classification of Lignocellulosic Biomass
6.3 Classification of Biorefneries Based on the Substrate and Product Formed
6.4 Status of Production of Bio-Refinery Using Lignocellulosic Waste
6.5 Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion to Biofuels and Biochemicals
6.6 Structural and Functional Properties of Hemicellulose: Possibilities of Using Hemicellulose in Bio-Refinery
6.7 Hemicellulose
6.8 Various Sources of Hemicellulose
6.9 Different Classes of Hemicellulose Biopolymer
6.10 Functional Properties
6.11 Pretreatment Methods
6.12 Biological Pretreatment
6.13 Metabolism of Xylose to Produce Various Commercially Important Products
6.14 Production of Commercially Important Biochemicals from Xylose Using Engineered Microorganisms
6.15 Bioethanol Production
6.16 Ethanol Production from Xylose Fermenting S.Cerevisiae
6.17 D-Lactic Acid Production
6.18 Xylitol Production
6.19 Itaconic Acid Production
6.20 2,3-Butanediol
6.21 Succinic Acid
6.22 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA/PHB)
6.23 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Emerging Microbial Enzymes for Future Industrialization
7.1 Types of Enzymes
7.2 Sources of Enzymes
7.3 Industrial Applications of Enzymes
7.3.1 Pharmaceutical Industries
7.3.2 Food and Beverage Industries
7.3.3 Dairy Industries
7.3.4 Baking Industries
7.3.5 Textile Industries
7.3.6 Animal Feed Industry
7.3.7 Paper and Pulp Industries
7.3.8 Leather Industry
7.3.9 Detergent
7.4 Emerging Microbial Enzymes
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Bioethanol Production from Microbial Fermentation of Prospecting Biomass
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Study on Worldwide Research Prospect of Different Biomass As a Substrate for Bioethanol Fermentation
8.3 Explored Biomass for Bioethanol Production
8.4 Classifications of Biomass for Bioethanol Production
8.4.1 Agro Waste As Raw Material for the Production of Bioethanol
8.4.2 Fruit Waste Biomass in Bioethanol Production
8.4.3 Forest Waste As Raw Material in Bioethanol Production
8.4.4 Algal Biomass in Bioethanol Production
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Microbial Biodiesel for Future Commercialization
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microbial Sources for Biodiesel
9.2.1 Microbial Lipids
9.2.2 Microbial Lipases
9.2.3 Fungi
9.2.4 Microalgae
9.2.5 Yeast
9.2.6 Bacteria
9.2.7 Isoprenoid
9.3 Processes for Microbial Biodiesel Production
9.3.1 Transesterification
9.3.1.1 Homogeneously Catalyzed Transesterification
9.3.1.1.1 Acid Catalyzed Homogeneous Transesterification
9.3.1.1.2 Alkaline Catalyzed Homogeneous Transesterification
9.3.1.2 Heterogeneously Catalyzed Transesterification
9.3.1.2.1 Heterogeneous Solid Base Catalytic Transesterification
9.3.1.2.2 Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalytic Transesterification
9.3.2 Metabolic Engineering
9.3.3 Pyrolysis
9.3.4 Enzyme Catalysis
9.3.5 Microalgal Torrefaction
9.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microbial Biodiesel
9.4.1 Advantages of Microbial Biodiesel
9.4.2 Disadvantages of Microbial Biodiesel
9.5 Recent Advances Toward Microbial Biodiesel Commercialization
9.5.1 Rhodosporidium Species-Derived Biodiesel
9.5.2 Fungal-Derived Biodiesel
9.5.3 Lignocellulose-Derived Biodiesel
9.5.4 Microalgae-Derived Biodiesel
9.6 World Microbial Biodiesel Commercialization Policies
9.6.1 Biodiesel in Brazil
9.6.2 Biodiesel in the European Union
9.6.3 Biodiesel in Germany
9.6.4 Biodiesel in the USA
9.6.5 Biodiesel in India
9.6.6 Biodiesel in Malaysia
9.6.7 Biodiesel in Indonesia
9.6.8 Biodiesel in Thailand
9.6.9 Biodiesel in the Philippines
9.6.10 Biodiesel in China
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Microbial Production of Bioactive Compounds
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Biotechnological Methods of Bioactive Compounds Production
10.1.1.1 Cell Culture Technology
10.1.1.2 Metabolic Engineering
10.1.1.3 Synthetic Biology
10.1.2 Bioactive Compounds Classification
10.2 Microbial Production of Alkaloids
10.2.1 Bacteria
10.2.2 Yeast
10.3 Microbial Production of Polyphenols
10.3.1 Bacteria
10.3.2 Others
10.4 Microbial Production of Terpenes
10.4.1 Bacteria
10.4.2 Fungi
10.4.3 Yeast
10.5 Microbial Production of Other Bioactive Compounds
10.5.1 Vitamins
10.5.2 Peptides
10.5.3 Carbohydrates
10.6 Perspectives
10.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Future Marine Microbial Products for the Pharmaceuticals Industry
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Protease
11.2.1 Sources of Proteases
11.3 Chitinases
11.3.1 Pharmaceutical Uses of Chitinases
11.4 Fatty Acids Isolated from Marine Microorganisms
11.4.1 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) from Marine Microbes
11.4.2 Application in the Pharmaceutical Industry
11.5 Antioxidants
11.5.1 Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry
11.6 Lipase
11.6.1 Application in the Pharmaceutical Industry
11.7 Marine Actinobacteria Metabolites
11.8 Marine-Derived Natural Products: From Ocean to Pharmaceutical Industry
11.9 Challenges of Marine-Derived Pharmaceuticals
11.10 Conclusion and Future Prospective
References
Chapter 12: Microbial Pigments and Paints for Clean Environment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Microbial Pigments
12.3 Technologies Involved in Microbial Pigment Production and Extraction
12.4 Challenges in Microbial Pigment Production
12.5 Applications of Microbial Pigments
12.5.1 Food and Beverage Industries
12.5.2 Therapeutic Applications
12.5.2.1 As Antimicrobial Agents
12.5.2.2 As Anticancer Agents
12.5.2.3 As Antioxidants
12.5.2.4 As Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergic Agents
12.5.2.5 As Metabolic Helpers
12.5.2.6 As Bio-Indicators
12.6 Microbial Paints
12.7 Concluding Remarks and Green Future Prospective
References
Chapter 13: Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
13.1 Introduction
13.2 PHA Producers from Different Ecological Niches
13.2.1 Photosynthetic Bacteria (PHB)
13.2.2 Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobia (PGPR)
13.2.3 Hydrocarbon Degraders
13.2.4 Halophiles
13.2.5 Producers of Antibiotics
13.2.6 Activated Sludge
13.2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Organic Acid and Solvent Production from Microbial Fermentation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Citric Acid
14.2.1 Introduction to Citric Acid
14.2.2 Historical Developments
14.2.3 Microorganisms Used for Citric Acid Production
14.2.4 Biochemical Aspect of CA Production
14.2.5 Fermentation Processes
14.2.5.1 Production with A. niger
14.2.5.1.1 Product Recovery
14.2.5.1.2 Purification
14.2.5.1.3 Further Purification
14.2.5.2 Production with Yeasts
14.2.6 Factors Affecting Citric Acid Production
14.2.6.1 Medium and Its Components
14.2.6.2 Process Parameters
14.2.7 Uses of Citric Acid in Industries
14.3 Acetic Acid: Biosynthesis and Fermentation Process
14.3.1 Introduction to Acetic Acid
14.3.2 Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB)
14.3.3 Acetic Acid Fermentation
14.3.3.1 Surface Fermentation Process
14.3.3.2 Submerged Fermentation Process
14.3.3.3 Application of Acetic Acid in Food Industry
14.4 Lactic Acid
14.4.1 Introduction
14.4.2 Historic Development
14.4.3 Production of Lactic Acid
14.4.4 Fermentation Methods for Lactic Acid Production
14.4.4.1 Batch Fermentation
14.4.4.2 Fed-Batch Fermentation
14.4.4.3 Continuous Fermentation
14.4.5 Medium and Manufacturing Process of Lactic Acid
14.4.6 Fermentation Process
14.4.7 Recovery of Lactic Acid
14.4.8 Uses of Lactic Acid
14.5 Other Organic Acids
14.5.1 Pyruvic Acid
14.5.2 Succinic Acid
14.5.2.1 Biosynthetic Pathway
References
Chapter 15: Microbial Biomaterials and Their Industrial Applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Microbial Biomaterials
15.2.1 Automobile
15.2.2 Rubber
15.2.3 Biocomposites
15.2.4 Biopolymers
15.2.5 Industrial Application of Popular Biopolymers
15.2.6 Chitosan and Their Industrial Application
15.3 Enzyme-Responsive Biomaterials
15.4 Myco-architecture
15.4.1 Processing of the Myco-bricks
15.4.2 Benefits of Myco-bricks
15.5 Bacterial Biopolymers: Functional Biomaterials
15.5.1 Bacillus subtilis
15.5.2 Protein Excretion Systems of Bacillus subtilis
15.5.2.1 Sec Pathway
15.5.2.2 Tat Pathway
15.5.2.3 ABC Transporters
15.5.3 Industrially Important Chemicals Produced by Bacillus subtilis
15.5.3.1 Lichenase
15.5.3.2 Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Advanced Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) for Improved Microbial Product Formation
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Basic Steps and Advancement of Recombinant DNA Technology
16.3 Recombinant Microbial Products and Their Applications
16.4 Strain Development Using RDT for Improved Microbial Product Formation
16.5 Techniques Involved in the Advancement of Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT)
16.6 Other Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT)
16.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of RDT
16.8 Ethical Clearance
16.9 Future Prospects of RDT
References
Chapter 17: Green Synthesis of Microbial Nanoparticles
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Green Synthesis of Group 11 Nanoparticles
17.3 Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
17.3.1 Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
17.3.2 Fungi-Mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
17.3.3 Bacteria-Mediated Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
17.4 Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
17.5 Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
17.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: Electroactive Microorganisms Involved in Power Generation in a Microbial Fuel Cell
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Electroactive Microorganisms Involved in MFCs
18.3 Biocatalyst
18.3.1 Biocathode
18.3.2 Bioanode
18.4 Pure Cultures
18.4.1 Pure Cultured Microorganisms as Electricigens in the Anode
18.5 Mixed Microbiome and Communities
18.6 Extracellular Electron Transfer
18.6.1 Conduction-Based EET in Biofilm Anode
18.6.2 Metal-Like Ohmic Conduction
18.6.3 Redox Conduction
18.7 Extremophilic Bacteria
18.7.1 Thermophilic
18.7.2 Psychrophiles
18.7.3 Halophilic
18.7.4 Alkaliphiles
18.7.5 Acidophilic
18.8 Metal-Reducing Bacteria
18.9 Biocatalysts of Prokaryotic Origin
18.9.1 Sulphur-Reducing Bacteria
18.9.2 Pseudomonas
18.9.3 Gram-Positive Bacteria
18.9.4 Photosynthetic Bacteria
18.10 Biocatalysts of Eukaryotic Origin
18.10.1 Fungi
18.10.2 Algae
18.11 Impacts of Electroactive Bacteria in MFC
18.12 Challenges
18.13 Future Aspects
18.14 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Techno-economic Feasibility Analysis of Microbial Product Commercialization
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 List of Microorganisms Producing Alkaline Protease
19.1.2 Application of Alkaline Protease Enzyme Detergent Industry
19.1.2.1 Leather Industry
19.1.2.2 Silver Extraction
19.1.2.3 Waste Management
19.1.2.4 Medical Sector
19.1.2.5 Food Industry
19.1.3 Techno-economic Analysis
19.2 Process Description
19.2.1 Media Composition
19.2.2 Fermentation Section
19.2.3 Primary Recovery and Purification Section (Downstream Section)
19.2.4 Annual Operating Cost
19.3 Process Scheduling
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Ethical Issues of Microbial Products for Industrialization
20.1 Background
20.2 Impact of Microbes in the Society
20.3 Triumphing Microbial Industry
20.3.1 Bioenergy Industry
20.3.2 Microbes in Cosmetics
20.3.3 Food Industry
20.3.4 Pharmaceutical Industry
20.3.5 Textile Industry
20.3.6 Enzyme Technology
20.4 Framework for Microbial Products´ Effectiveness
20.5 Ethical Concerns
20.5.1 Societal Concern and Public Trust
20.5.2 Biosafety and Bioterrorism Concern
20.5.3 Accidental Release and Environmental Implication
20.6 Ethical Issues of Communication
20.7 Conclusion
References