Microbial Cross-talk in the Rhizosphere (Rhizosphere Biology)

✍ Scribed by Benjamin A. Horwitz (editor), Prasun K. Mukherjee (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 337
• Edition: 1st ed. 2022
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book discusses the cross-talk between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere is the hotspot of microbial activities that influence plant growth and crop yield. The rhizosphere-residing microbes include the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, antibiotic-producing bacteria, antagonistic, plant-beneficial fungi, and entomopathogens. The three-way cross-talk among the plants, the pathogens and other microbes involves signaling molecules, metabolites, and physical interactions. The book also describes deleterious and beneficial aspects of this communication between plants and microbes. Plants program the local microbiome near their roots, and the microbial community has a profound influence on the functioning of the plant. This complex communication makes the collection of chapters a timely one, because the diverse subjects are linked by their focus on the molecular language of plant-microbe cross-talk.

This timely and informative book is useful for students and researchers in the fields of microbiology, soil biology, and plant pathology.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Chapter 1: Plant-Microbe Cross Talk in the Rhizosphere: Introductory Remarks
1.1 Plant-Microbe Cross Talk
1.2 Microbiome
1.3 Microbial Effectors
1.4 Communication Between Microbes (QS)
1.5 Spectrum of Interactions from Mutualist to Pathogen
1.6 Engineering Rhizosphere Cross Talk for Agriculture
References
Chapter 2: How Plants Modulate Their Rhizosphere Microbiome
2.1 Can Roots Manage Their Microbiomes?
2.2 Root Exudates
2.2.1 Coumarin, Benzoxazinoids, and Terpenes
2.2.1.1 Coumarins
2.2.1.2 Triterpenes and Camalexin
2.2.1.3 Benzoxazinoids (BXs)
2.2.2 Phytohormones
2.3 Influence of Plant Species and Genotypes on the Microbiome
2.3.1 Domestication
2.3.1.1 Seed Domestication
2.3.2 Ecotypes
2.4 Can the Rhizosphere Microbiome Modulate Root Exudation?
References
Chapter 3: Strigolactone Signalling and Plant-Microbe Communications
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Strigolactone as an Endogenous Plant Hormone
3.1.2 Structural Diversity and Classification
3.2 Biosynthesis, Perception, and Regulation
3.2.1 Biosynthesis of Strigolactones
3.2.2 Perception and Signal Transduction
3.2.3 Regulation of SL Biosynthesis
3.3 Strigolactone Signalling in Plant Development
3.3.1 Regulation of Shoot Branching
3.3.2 Regulation of Root Architecture
3.4 Strigolactone in the Symbiotic Interaction
3.4.1 With Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
3.4.2 In Nodulation
3.5 Strigolactones as Quorum-Sensing Signal Molecule
3.6 Potential Agronomical Application of Strigolactones
3.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: The Role of Phytohormones in Cross-communication Between Plants and Rhizo-Microbes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere
4.3 Plant-Microorganism Interaction
4.3.1 Root Perception of Microbial Signals
4.3.1.1 Auxins
4.3.1.2 ACCase/Ethylene (ET)
4.3.1.3 Cytokinins (CKs)
4.3.1.4 Gibberellins (GAs)
4.3.1.5 Abscisic Acid (ABA)
4.3.1.6 Homoserine Lactones
4.3.1.7 Polyamines
4.3.1.8 Volatile Organic Compounds
4.3.2 Root Colonization
4.3.3 Plant Growth Promotion
4.4 Plant Defense Responses
4.4.1 JA/ET Mediated Immunity
4.4.2 SA-Mediated Immunity
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Quorum Sensing in the Rhizosphere
5.1 Introduction
5.2 QS Strategies Within the Rhizosphere
5.2.1 Gram-Negative QS
5.2.1.1 Acyl and Aryl-l-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs)
5.2.1.2 Coordinating Multiple AHL Circuits
5.2.1.3 Orphan luxR-Type Receptors
5.2.1.4 Pseudomonas Quinolone Signals (PQS)
5.2.1.5 Diffusible Signal Factor (DSF)
5.2.2 Gram-Positive Bacterial Quorum Sensing
5.2.2.1 Cyclic Peptides
5.2.2.2 ComX
5.2.3 AI-2: A Universal QS Signal for Proteobacteria
5.2.4 Eukaryotic QS and Control in the Rhizosphere
5.3 Frequency and Dynamics of QS Within the Rhizosphere
5.3.1 From Phyllosphere to Rhizosphere: QS Lessons from Across Plant Surfaces
5.3.2 AI Stability
5.4 Examples of QS in the Rhizosphere
5.4.1 Nitrogen Fixation
5.4.2 Rhizobium radiobacter (A.k.a. Agrobacterium tumefaciens)
5.4.3 Burkholderia
5.4.4 Pseudomonas syringae
5.4.5 Pseudomonas fluorescens
5.4.6 Pectobacterium carotovorum
5.4.7 Bacillus subtilis
5.4.8 Xanthomonas Spp.
5.4.9 Partners in QS
5.5 AI Sensitivity and QS Manipulation in Plants
5.5.1 Plant Sensitivity to AIs
5.5.2 Manipulation of QS by Plants
5.6 Final Thoughts
References
Chapter 6: Metabolomics Approaches for Studying the Trichoderma-Plant Interactions
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Metabolic Approaches in the Study of the Interaction of Beneficial Microorganisms with Plants
6.3 Metabolomics to Inform Trichoderma spp. Biology
6.4 Effect of Trichoderma spp. on the Pathogen Metabolome
6.5 Impacts of Trichoderma-Plant Interactions Through Metabolomics Lens
6.5.1 On Roots and Rhizosphere
6.5.2 On the Systemic Defense Responses
6.6 Integrating Transcriptomic, Proteomics, and Metabolomic Information onto Diagrams of Metabolic Pathways
6.7 Future Perspectives and Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7: Crosstalk Between Wilt-Causing Fungi, Plants and Their Microbiome
7.1 Plant and Soil Microbiota
7.2 Fusarium oxysporum
7.3 Plant Diseases
7.4 Formae Speciales
7.5 Vegetative Compatibility Groups
7.6 Physiological Races
7.7 Genomics and Pathogenomics
7.8 The Infection Process: Penetration and Colonization
7.9 Genes Involved in the Infection Process
7.10 Pathogenicity Genes and Their Interaction with Resistance Genes
7.11 Tools for Diagnostics and Detection
7.12 Disease Management
7.13 Suppressive Soils
7.14 Non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizosphere Competition
7.15 Bacteria-Fusarium oxysporum Interactions
7.16 Potential Biocontrol Agents
7.17 Fusarium oxysporum and Nematodes
7.18 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Biocontrol from the Rhizosphere: Probiotic Pseudomonads
8.1 Introduction
8.2 What Is in the Rhizosphere and Why?
8.3 The Importance of Biofilms in Root Colonization for Beneficial Plant Effects
8.4 Biofilm Building: Attraction
8.5 Attachment: The Role of Different Pseudomonas Cell Surface Features
8.6 Regulation of Biofilm Formation: Tuning into the Environment
8.7 Interaction with Fungal Soil Communities: Mycelial Surface Colonization
8.8 Colonization and Induction of Plant Defense
8.9 Tempering of Innate Immunity
8.10 Priming and Systemic Defense Responses
8.11 Biocontrol Pseudomonads Shift SA-, JA-, and Et-Plant Resistance Pathways
8.12 Summary
References
Chapter 9: Plant Microbiome Modulation Through Seed Coating: A Novel Approach for a Smart and Efficient Microbial Delivery
9.1 Introduction
9.2 General Overview on the Seed Coating
9.2.1 Seed Coating Definition
9.2.2 Seed Coating Formulation
9.2.3 Active Ingredients
9.2.3.1 Fertilizers-Nutrients
9.2.3.2 Protectants
9.2.3.3 Plant and Algae Extracts
9.2.3.4 Microorganisms
9.2.3.5 Markers
9.3 Coating Methods and Equipment
9.3.1 Coating Methods
9.3.1.1 Dry Powder Coating
9.3.1.2 Seed Dressing
9.3.1.3 Film Coating
9.3.1.4 Pelleting
9.3.1.5 Encrusting
9.3.2 Coating Application
9.3.3 Challenges
9.3.3.1 Shelf Life
9.3.3.2 Field Performance
9.3.3.3 Cost Efficiency
9.3.4 Opportunities
9.4 Interaction Between the Plant and Its Microbiota
9.4.1 miRNAs as Key Mediators
9.4.2 Root Exudates
9.5 How Can Modulating the Plant´s Microbiome Improve Crop Productivity?
9.5.1 Abiotic Factors
9.5.2 Biotic Factors
9.6 Market Development and Regulatory Considerations: New Markets and Niches
9.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 10: Trichoderma Rhizosphere Competence, Suppression of Diseases, and Biotic Associations
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Disease Suppressive Soils
10.2.1 Establishment in the Rhizosphere
10.2.2 Rhizosphere Competence
10.2.2.1 Trichoderma-Soil-Borne Fungi Interactions
10.2.2.2 Trichoderma-Nematodes Interactions
10.2.2.3 Trichoderma-Bacteria Interactions
10.3 Trichoderma-Plant Interaction
10.3.1 Theory of the Endophytic Continuum
10.3.2 Metabolomics
10.3.3 Endophytic Trichoderma: Plant Immune System, Host Recognition, and Colonization
10.3.4 Plant Growth Promotion Induced by Trichoderma spp.
10.3.5 Trichoderma spp. VOCs and Plant Fitness
10.4 Induction of Systemic Resistance (ISR) by Trichoderma
10.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis: From Genomics to Trans-Kingdom Molecular Communication and Signaling
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Tree Genomes
11.3 Fungal Genomes
11.4 Molecular Dialogue Between Partners: What´s New from the Plant Point of View
11.4.1 Plant Small Secreted Proteins
11.4.2 A New Perspective for the Common Symbiosis Pathway
11.4.3 The Role of Plant Receptor-Like Kinases in ECM Interactions
11.5 Beneficial Fungi at Work in Establishing an Ectomycorrhizal Relationship with Their Host Tree: Tools and Mode of Action
11.5.1 Mycorrhiza-Induced Small-Secreted Proteins (MiSSPs)
11.5.2 The Setup of the Biotrophic Interface Through the Strict Regulation of CAZymes
11.6 How Plant and Fungal Hormones and Metabolites Regulate ECM Formation
11.7 Nutrient Trading: Which Partner Takes the Control?
11.8 Conclusions and Open Questions
References
Chapter 12: Fungal Effector Proteins: Molecular Mediators of Fungal Symbionts of Plants
12.1 Plant-Fungal Symbioses
12.2 Role of Effector Proteins During Fungal Colonization of Plants
12.3 Common Features of Fungal Effector Proteins
12.4 Types and Examples of Known Effectors from Rhizospheric Fungi
12.4.1 Effectors from Plant Pathogenic Fungi
12.4.2 Effectors from Plant Mutualists
12.4.2.1 Endophytic Insect Pathogenic Fungi
12.5 Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Effector Proteins
12.6 Conclusion
References