Biotechnological research has provided key developments in pest control agents, focusing on pathogens of insect pests as formulated biological pesticides. Emphasis has been placed on bacteria and viruses as they are well understood and easily manipulated. Microbial Biopesticides provides a comprehen
Microbial biopesticides
β Scribed by Opender Koul; G S Dhaliwal
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Year
- 2002
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 330
- Series
- Advances in biopesticide research, v. 2
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Table of Contents
0415272130fm.pdf......Page 1
MICROBIAL BIOPESTICIDES......Page 2
CONTENTS......Page 4
PREFACE......Page 5
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 7
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)......Page 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 0
Bacillus sphaericus (Bs)......Page 12
Entomopathogenic fungi......Page 13
Baculoviruses......Page 14
Future of microbials......Page 16
References......Page 17
Introduction......Page 20
Antiinsectan allelochemicals......Page 21
Amino levulinic acid (5-amino-4-oxo-pentanoic acid)......Page 22
Thiolutin......Page 23
Thuringiensin (beta-exotoxin)......Page 24
General antibiotics......Page 25
A204A......Page 26
Allosamidin......Page 28
Aplasmomycin......Page 29
Avermectins......Page 30
Aureothin......Page 31
Citromycin......Page 32
Concanamycins......Page 33
Dioxapyrrolomycin......Page 34
Leucanicidin......Page 35
Milbemycins......Page 36
Oxohygrolidin......Page 37
Racemomycins......Page 38
Rhodaplutin......Page 39
Spinosyns......Page 40
Valinomycin......Page 41
Phenolics......Page 42
Poly(acetyl)enes......Page 43
Terpenoids......Page 44
Aflatoxins......Page 45
Aflavanines......Page 46
Arenarins......Page 48
Asperentin......Page 49
Aurasperones and fonsecinones......Page 50
Brevianamides......Page 51
Carbonarins......Page 52
Chaetoglobosins......Page 53
Citrinin......Page 54
Clitocine......Page 55
Culmorin......Page 56
Cyclopiazonic acid......Page 57
Dendrodochin......Page 58
Dermocybin......Page 59
E-64 and related thiol protease inhibitors......Page 60
Echinulins......Page 61
Epiamauromines......Page 62
Eugenetin......Page 63
Griseofulvin......Page 64
Heptelidic acid......Page 65
Hydroquinone derivatives......Page 66
Isopimaratrienes......Page 67
Kotanins and related compounds......Page 68
Macrophorins......Page 70
Melleins......Page 72
Muscimol and related compounds......Page 73
Mycophenolic acid......Page 74
Naphthazarin pigments......Page 75
Nominine......Page 76
Ochratoxins......Page 77
Ochrindoles......Page 78
Paraherquamides and related compounds......Page 79
Paspalanines and derivatives......Page 80
Paxillines......Page 81
Penicillic acid......Page 82
Peramine......Page 83
Pyripyropene......Page 84
Rubratoxins......Page 85
Rugulosin......Page 86
Shearanines......Page 87
Sterols......Page 88
Tenuazonic acid......Page 89
Territrems......Page 90
Trichothecenes......Page 91
Verruculogen and relatives......Page 93
Viomellein......Page 94
Zearalenone......Page 95
alpha-amanitin......Page 96
Bassianolide......Page 97
Beauvericin......Page 98
Destruxins......Page 99
Enniatins......Page 101
Shearamide A......Page 102
Bacillus sphaericus toxins......Page 103
Cholesterol oxidase......Page 104
Phospholipases......Page 105
Proteases......Page 106
Uncharacterized proteins......Page 107
Future directions/commercial prospects......Page 108
References......Page 110
Introduction......Page 128
Strategies for engineering baculovirus insecticides......Page 129
Molecular biology of insect baculoviruses......Page 130
Advantages of using baculovirus expression vector......Page 132
Scorpion venom toxin gene......Page 134
Predatory mite toxin gene......Page 135
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt delta-endotoxin gene)......Page 136
Diuretic hormone gene......Page 138
Ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt)......Page 139
Enhancin genes......Page 140
Improvement of insecticidal effects......Page 141
Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene (p 35)......Page 142
Cysteine protease (v. cath) gene......Page 144
25K FP gene......Page 145
Anti-sense RNA strategy......Page 146
Baculovirus expression of insectβs antibacterial proteins......Page 147
Baculovirus expression of polydna virus (PDV)......Page 148
Mode of action of optical brighteners......Page 149
Host range of multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus......Page 150
Identification of latency (or) persistency of virus......Page 151
Field trials with genetically improved/modified baculoviruses......Page 152
Insect cell culture......Page 153
Need for insect cell culture......Page 154
Advantages of using insect cell culture system......Page 155
Need for indigenous insect cell culture......Page 156
Mode of action of Bt......Page 157
Need for genetic manipulation and genetic engineering......Page 158
Reason for Bt toxic gene as attractive candidate for transgenics......Page 159
Insertion of Bt endotoxin into prokaryotes......Page 160
Insertion of Bt delta-endotoxin into eukaryote-plants......Page 161
In Vitro bioassay of Bt toxins......Page 163
Using gene pyramiding......Page 164
Safety of Bt......Page 165
Safety of the activated toxin......Page 166
Fungal pathogens......Page 167
Protozoan pathogens......Page 168
Nematodes......Page 169
Destruction of symbionts......Page 170
Conclusions......Page 171
References......Page 172
Introduction......Page 191
Plant genes involved in inducible defenses......Page 192
Insect adaptation to inducible defenses......Page 195
Transgenic plants expressing Bt toxins......Page 196
Inducible protein expression in transgenic plants......Page 199
Use of inducible promoters in transgenic plants resistant to pests......Page 200
Population dynamics of herbivores and plant defenses......Page 201
Case studies of the Colorado potato beetle and the european corn borer......Page 202
Beyond the 35s: towards a second generation of transgenic plants resistant to insects......Page 207
References......Page 208
Introduction......Page 215
General pathology......Page 216
Role of the midgut......Page 217
Key to internal spread of infection is the tracheal system......Page 219
Role of other tissues during infection......Page 220
References......Page 222
Introduction......Page 224
Structure of baculoviruses......Page 225
Introduction and establishment......Page 226
Microbial insecticides......Page 227
Spodoptera complex......Page 228
Forest pests......Page 230
Field stability and persistence......Page 231
Production through cell/tissue culture......Page 233
Preferred development in baculovirus-infected hosts......Page 235
Quality control standards......Page 236
Quality of baculovirus preparations......Page 237
Safety testing......Page 238
Microbial biodiversity and intellectual property rights......Page 239
Conclusions......Page 240
References......Page 241
Introduction......Page 247
Taxonomy of hyphomycetous EPF......Page 248
Interactions of Beauveria bassiana with host insects......Page 249
Preference of EPF for insect biocontrol......Page 251
General and molecular genetics of EPF......Page 252
Applied R & D in mycoinsecticides......Page 253
Production of mycoinsecticides......Page 254
Formulation of mycoinsecticides......Page 255
Application of mycoinsecticides......Page 257
Regulatory concerns......Page 259
Pathways for mycoinsecticides development......Page 260
Opportunities in Asia......Page 261
Central and South American opportunities......Page 264
North American opportunities......Page 266
Relationships to integrated pest management and climates......Page 268
Temperate climates......Page 269
Tropical climates......Page 271
Conclusions......Page 274
References......Page 275
Introduction......Page 284
Associated bacteria......Page 285
Host range......Page 286
Nematode/bacterium interactions with hosts......Page 289
Behavior......Page 290
Survival......Page 291
Infectivity......Page 294
Genetic improvement......Page 296
Laboratory colonization......Page 297
Mass production......Page 298
Regulations......Page 299
Key target pests......Page 300
Application strategies......Page 302
Effects of Agrochemicals and Other IPM Components......Page 303
Conclusions......Page 305
References......Page 306
Introduction......Page 314
Current status of bioherbicide development......Page 315
Bioherbicides and selective weed control......Page 318
Bioherbicides and herbicide-resistant weeds......Page 319
Bioherbicides in integrated weed management systems......Page 320
Integrating bioherbicides with chemical herbicides......Page 321
Alternative agricultural systems......Page 322
Bioherbicides and biological weed management......Page 324
Conclusions......Page 326
References......Page 327
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