Micro Fuel Cells: Principles and Applications

✍ Scribed by Tim S. Zhao

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2009
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 310
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Today's consumers of portable electronics consumers are demanding devices not only deliver more power but also work healthy for the environment. This fact alone has lead major corporations like Intel, BIC, Duracell and Microsoft to believe that Microfuel Cells could be the next-generation power source for electronic products. Compact and readable, Microfuels Principles and Applications, offers engineers and product designers a reference unsurpassed by any other in the market. The book starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of the fundamentals engineering principles governing energy conversion for small electronic devices, followed by self-contained chapters concerning applications. The authors provide original points of view on all types of commercially available micro fuel cells types, including micro proton exchange membrane fuel cells, micro direct methanol fuel cells, micro solid oxide fuel cells and micro bio-fuel cells. The book also contains a detailed introduction to the fabrication of the components and the assembly of the system, making it a valuable reference both in terms of its application to product design and understanding micro engineering principles. An overview of the micro fuel cell systems and applications.A detailed introduction to the fabrication of the components and the assembly of the system.*Original points of view on prospects of micro fuel cells.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover Page
......Page 1
Copyright Page......Page 3
Preface......Page 6
About the Editor......Page 7
About the Contributors......Page 8
Electrolytes for Long-Life, Ultra Low-Power Direct Methanol Fuel Cells......Page 11
Introduction......Page 12
Potential Applications for Micro Fuel Cells......Page 13
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells......Page 14
Energy Efficiency and Device Life......Page 16
Perfluorinated Polymer Proton Exchange Membranes......Page 19
Nafion®......Page 21
Nafion Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells......Page 22
Nafion/Silica Composites......Page 23
Nafion-Hetropoly Acid Composites......Page 27
Nafion-Zirconium Composites......Page 28
Nafion/PTFE Composites......Page 31
Nafion/Imidazole Composites......Page 32
Nafion Composites with Other Additives......Page 33
Non-Nafion Polymer Proton Exchange Membranes......Page 34
Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends......Page 35
Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ketone)s......Page 37
Sulfonated Poly (Phenylene Oxide)......Page 39
Polybenzimidazoles......Page 40
Polyimides......Page 43
Non-Nafion Polymer Organic/Inorganic Composites......Page 44
Silicate Glasses......Page 47
Phospho-Silicate Glasses......Page 49
Inorganic/Organic Nano Composite Membranes......Page 51
Conclusions......Page 53
References......Page 56
MEMS-Based Micro Fuel Cells as Promising Power Sources for Portable Electronics......Page 61
Introduction......Page 62
Microelectronics and MEMS......Page 66
Microfabricated Fuel Cells......Page 68
Hydrogen-Fed Fuel Cells......Page 71
Silicon-Based......Page 72
Metal-Based......Page 75
Polymer-Based......Page 77
Other Solutions......Page 79
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells......Page 81
Reformed Hydrogen Fuel Cells......Page 83
Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells......Page 85
PCB Technology......Page 88
Laminar Flow Fuel Cells......Page 89
Summary......Page 90
Hydrogen-Fed Micro Fuel Cells......Page 94
μ-RHFC......Page 96
DMFC......Page 97
Membranes......Page 98
Proton Conduction and Membrane Electrode Assembly......Page 99
Results......Page 102
Conclusion......Page 103
References......Page 104
Advances in Microfluidic Fuel Cells......Page 109
Introduction......Page 110
Microfluidic Fuel Cell Fundamentals......Page 114
Channel Fabrication, Electrode Patterning, and Integration......Page 118
Technical Advances in Microfluidic Fuel Cells......Page 122
Improved Performance through Mixed Media Operation......Page 124
Gas-Permeable Cathodes......Page 126
Liquid Oxidants......Page 127
Architectures for Improved Reactant Transport......Page 131
Advances from Computational Fluid Dynamics......Page 136
Microfluidic Fuel Cells with Biocatalysts......Page 138
Scale-Up of Microfluidic Fuel Cells......Page 141
Conclusion and Challenges Ahead......Page 143
References......Page 147
Development of Fabrication/Integration Technology for Micro Tubular SOFCs......Page 151
Introduction......Page 152
Micro Tubular SOFC Concepts......Page 154
Fabrication of Micro Tubular SOFCs......Page 155
Optimization of Anode Microstructure......Page 157
Control of Electrolyte Thickness......Page 160
Densification of the Electrolyte Layer......Page 162
Performance of 1.6 mm Diameter Tubular SOFC......Page 165
High Performance 0.8 mm Diameter Micro Tubular SOFC......Page 167
Models for Single Micro Tubular SOFC......Page 171
Results of Calculation......Page 174
Fabrication of the Cathode Matrix......Page 177
Gas Permeability and Electrical Conductivity of the Cathode Matrix......Page 179
Fabrication and Performance of the Cube-type SOFC Bundle......Page 180
Fabrication and Performance of the Cube-Type SOFC Stack......Page 182
Concluding Remarks......Page 185
References......Page 186
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells......Page 189
Introduction and Background......Page 191
Similarities and Differences to Traditional Fuel Cell Catalysts......Page 196
Metals as Catalysts......Page 197
Metals Used in Hydrogen and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells......Page 198
Alloys......Page 199
Disadvantages of Metal Catalysts......Page 200
Enzymes as Biocatalysts......Page 201
Enzyme Isolation......Page 202
Enzyme Classification......Page 203
Enzyme Function......Page 204
Enzyme Kinetics......Page 205
Mediated Electron Transfer......Page 207
Glucose Oxidase......Page 209
NAD+-Dependent Enzymes......Page 211
MET at Biocathodes......Page 212
Oxygen Reduction......Page 213
DET at Bioanodes......Page 214
DET at Biocathodes......Page 216
FAD-Dependent Enzymes......Page 217
Deep Oxidation of Biofuel Cells......Page 219
Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle......Page 220
Glucose Oxidation......Page 222
Oxidation of Alcohols......Page 224
Glycerol Oxidation......Page 226
Selectivity......Page 227
Mediators......Page 228
High Current Applications......Page 229
Enzyme Immobilization......Page 231
Enzymatic Fuel Cell Design......Page 235
Nanomaterials in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells......Page 241
Conclusions......Page 245
References......Page 246
Glucose Biosensors—Recent Advances in the Field of Diabetes Management......Page 253
Introduction......Page 254
Principles of Glucose Biosensing......Page 255
First Generation Biosensors......Page 257
Second Generation Biosensors......Page 261
Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Films......Page 263
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers......Page 266
Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)......Page 270
Conjugated Polymers......Page 271
Redox-Active Polymers in Biosensors......Page 277
Metal Nanoparticles......Page 279
Carbon Nanotubes......Page 282
Stabilization of Enzymes......Page 285
Optical Methods for Sensing Glucose......Page 286
Miniaturization......Page 288
Continuous Monitoring......Page 289
Commercial Biosensors......Page 291
Conclusions and Future......Page 293
References......Page 294
B......Page 303
E......Page 304
F......Page 305
L......Page 306
M......Page 307
P......Page 308
S......Page 309
Z......Page 310