This book covers a broad spectrum of topics, from experimental philosophy and cognitive theory of science, to social epistemology and research and innovation policy. Following up on the previously published Volume 1, โMind, Rationality, and Society,โ it provides further applications of methodological cognitivism in areas such as scientific discovery, technology transfer and innovation policy. It also analyzes the impact of cognitive science on philosophical problems like causality and truth. The book is divided into four parts: Part I โExperimental Philosophy and Causalityโ tackles the problem of causality, which is often seen as straddling metaphysics, ontology and epistemology. Part II โCognitive Rationality of Scienceโ deals with the cognitive foundation of scientific rationality, starting from a strong critique of the neopositivist rationality of science on the one hand and of the relativist and social reduction of the methodology of science on the other. Part III โResearch Policy and Social Epistemologyโ deals with topics of social epistemology, science policy and culture of innovation. Lastly, Part IV โKnowledge Transfer and Innovationโ addresses the dynamics of knowledge generation, transfer and use in technological innovation.