Metals and Alloys: Industrial Applications

✍ Scribed by Mark Anthony Benvenuto

• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Year: 2016
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 166
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Metals and Alloys continues the series of graduate textbooks on Industrial Chemistry by Mark A. Benvenuto. It shows the essential industrial applications, processes and chemistry background for the extraction of metals, as well as the production and applications of alloys. The book discusses how large scale and minor processes affect every-day life, challenges in prevention and removal of waste by-products and illustrates selected chemical processes for which efforts have been made to improve and “green” industrial production of metals and alloys.

Sources for metals are sorted by metal and alloy and backed by basic chemical background information and process set up. Overviews on worldwide ore distribution, refined metal and alloy production numbers are another focus of the book.

• Discusses sources, key processes and applications.
• Connects what students learn in class to real, large-scale metals chemistry that makes modern life possible.
• Intended for students, graduate students and beginners in the fiield of Chemistry, Chemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science.
• Visit degruyter.com for more information on books by Mark A. Benvenuto: Industrial Chemistry (2013), Industrial Chemistry: For Advanced Students (2015) and Industrial Inorganic Chemistry (2015).

About the Author:

Mark Anthony Benvenuto

A Fellow of the American Chemical Society, he received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from the University of Virginia. After a post-doctoral fellowship at the Pennsylvania State University, he joined the University of Detroit Mercy, where he is now the Department Chairman and teaches an industrial chemistry course.

This is a book that connects what students learn in class to the real, large-scale metals chemistry that makes modern life possible.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
1 Introduction and overview
1.1 Historic, ancient
1.2 Large-scale use
1.3 Eighteenth and nineteenth century discoveries
1.4 Modern, niche uses
1.5 Modern, major use metals
1.6 Recycling and re-use
2 Copper
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Refining and isolation
2.3 Uses
2.3.1 Piping
2.3.2 Wiring and machinery
2.3.3 Coinage
2.4 Bronze
2.5 Brass
2.6 Other alloys
2.7 Possible substitutes
2.8 Recycling
3 Tin
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Refining and isolation
3.3 Tin, uses and applications
3.3.1 Solders
3.3.2 Plating
3.3.3 Niobium–tin
3.3.4 Glass production
3.3.5 Tin in polyvinyl chloride
3.4 Possible substitutes
3.5 Recycling
4 Zinc
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Refining and isolation
4.3 Uses
4.3.1 Galvanizing
4.3.2 Nickel silver
4.3.3 Solders
4.3.4 Paint pigments
4.3.5 Sacrificial anodes
4.3.6 Batteries
4.4 Possible substitutes
4.5 Recycling
5 Pewter
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Production
5.3 History and traditional uses
5.4 Modern applications
5.5 Recycling
6 Gold
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Refining and isolation
6.3 The carat system – 18, 14, 12, 10 Carat
6.4 Uses
6.4.1 Jewelry
6.4.2 Investment coins
6.4.3 Electronics
6.5 White gold
6.6 Possible substitutes
6.7 Recycling
7 Silver
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Refining and isolation
7.3 Uses
7.3.1 Jewelry
7.3.2 Silverware
7.3.3 Investment coins
7.3.4 Photography
7.3.5 Batteries
7.3.6 Electronics
7.3.7 Ethylene oxide
7.4 Possible substitutes
7.5 Recycling
8 Iron and steel
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ore sources
8.3 Steel production
8.4 Uses of iron and steel
8.5 By-product production
8.6 Recycling
9 Platinum group metals
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sources, refining and isolation
9.3 Uses
9.3.1 Ruthenium
9.3.2 Osmium
9.3.3 Rhodium
9.3.4 Iridium
9.3.5 Palladium
9.3.6 Platinum
9.4 Possible substitutes
9.5 Recycling
10 Nickel
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Refining and isolation
10.3 Uses
10.3.1 Steels
10.3.2 Superalloys
10.3.3 Shape memory alloys
10.3.4 Plating
10.3.5 Nickels
10.4 Possible substitutes
10.5 Recycling
11 Aluminum
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Refining and isolation, the Hall–Heroult process
11.3 Uses
11.4 Possible substitutes
11.5 Recycling
12 Titanium
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Location and sources
12.3 Refining and isolation
12.3.1 The Kroll process
12.3.2 The Hunter process
12.4 Uses
12.4.1 High strength alloys
12.4.2 Pigments, titanium white or titanium dioxide
12.5 Possible substitutes
12.6 Recycling
13 Magnesium
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Refining and isolation
13.3 Uses
13.3.1 Elemental magnesium
13.3.2 Magnesium–aluminumalloys
13.3.3 Castings
13.3.4 Automotive
13.3.5 Aerospace
13.3.6 Electronic
13.4 Possible substitutes
13.5 Recycling
14 Uranium and thorium
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Refining and isolation
14.2.1 Uranium isolation and refining
14.2.2 Thorium isolation and refining
14.3 Uses
14.3.1 Power generation
14.3.2 Weaponry
14.3.3 Compounds and uses
14.4 Possible substitutes
14.5 Recycling
15 Americium
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Refining and isolation
15.3 Uses
15.3.1 Smoke detectors
15.3.2 Other uses
15.4 Recycling
16 Mercury
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Refining and isolation
16.3 Uses
16.3.1 Chlor-alkali process
16.3.2 Barometers and thermometers
16.3.3 Amalgams and compounds
16.4 Possible substitutes
16.5 Recycling
17 Lanthanides
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Refining and isolation
17.3 Uses
17.3.1 Catalysts
17.3.2 Magnets, Nd2Fe14B, plus SmCo5 and Sm2Co17
17.3.3 Alloys
17.3.4 Heavy rare earth element uses
17.4 Possible substitutes
17.5 Recycling
18 Lead
18.1 Introduction
18.2 History
18.3 Refining and isolation
18.4 Uses
18.4.1 Batteries
18.4.2 Construction material
18.4.3 Ammunition, hunting and military
18.4.4 Alloys
18.5 Possible substitutes
18.6 Recycling
19 Tungsten
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Refining and isolation
19.3 Uses
19.3.1 Carbide parts
19.3.2 High-strength alloys
19.4 Possible substitutes
19.5 Recycling
20 Tantalum and niobium
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Refining and isolation
20.3 Uses
20.3.1 Major uses
20.3.2 Wiring and magnets
20.3.3 Niobium coinage
20.4 Possible substitutes
20.5 Recycling
21 Sodium
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Refining and isolation
21.2.1 Downs cell
21.2.2 Chlor-alkali process
21.3 Uses
21.3.1 Sodium borohydride
21.3.2 Sodium azide, NaN3
21.3.3 Triphenylphosphine, P(C6H5)3
21.3.4 Reactor moderator material
21.3.5 Alloying agent
21.3.6 Sodium vapor lamps
21.4 Recycling
22 Lithium
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Refining and isolation
22.3 Uses
22.3.1 Lightweight alloys
22.3.2 Batteries
22.4 Possible substitutes
22.5 Recycling
Index