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Mental retardation associated with parental smoking and alcohol consumption before, during, and after pregnancy

✍ Scribed by Nel Roeleveld; Eric Vingerhoets; Gerhard A. Zielhuis; Fons Gabreëls


Book ID
116088534
Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1992
Tongue
English
Weight
651 KB
Volume
21
Category
Article
ISSN
0091-7435

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## Abstract ## BACKGROUND The classic clinical criteria for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) include a “characteristic” facial appearance, pre‐ and postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, mental retardation, and occasional major malformations. However, diagnostic constraints, espec