Menopause for the MRCOG and Beyond (MRCOG and Beyond), 2e (May 1, 2008)_(1904752446)_(RCOG)

• Publisher: RCOG
• Year: 2008
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 125
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Published titles in the MRCOG and Beyond series
Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
1 Definitions and controversies
Introduction
Definitions
Stages of reproductive ageing
The ageing population: postmenopausal health as a public health issue
Controversies
WOMEN’S HEALTH INITIATIVE STUDIES
MILLION WOMEN STUDY
Further reading
2. Explaining risk
Relative risk, absolute risk, attributable risk
Odds and hazard ratios
Differences between regimens
ESTROGEN ALONE VERSUS COMBINED ESTROGEN–PROGESTOGEN COMBINED HRT
ORAL VERSUS TRANSDERMAL THERAPY
Timing of treatment
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
DEMENTIA
PREMATURE MENOPAUSE
Balancing risks
Further reading
3. Systemic hormone replacement therapy
HRT regimens
ESTROGENS
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Adjusting regimens
ESTROGEN ALONE: WOMEN WHO HAVE HAD A HYSTERECTOMY
COMBINED ESTROGEN AND PROGESTOGEN: WOMEN WITH AN INTACT UTERUS
MENOPAUSAL STATUS
Troubleshooting
STARTING HRT
DURATION OF TREATMENT
STOPPING HRT
MANAGING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF HRT
ABNORMAL BLEEDING
Further reading and sources of information
4. Non-HRT options for osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates
Alendronate
Risedronate
Ibandronate
Etidronate
Strontium ranelate
Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Parathyroid hormone peptides
Calcitonin
Future developments
Further reading
GENERAL
BISPHOSPHONATES
STRONTIUM RANELATE
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS
PARATHYROID HORMONE PEPTIDES
CALCITONIN
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
5. Diet and lifestyle
Diet
MACRONUTRIENTS
MICRONUTRIENTS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET
FLAVONOIDS
Exercise
EXERCISE AND THE SKELETON
EXERCISE AND THE HEART
Smoking cessation
Weight reduction
Further reading
DIET
EXERCISE
SMOKING CESSATION AND WEIGHT REDUCTION
6. Alternative and complementary therapies
Herbal products
ACTAEA RACEMOSA (BLACK COHOSH)
ANGELICA SINENSIS (DONG QUAI)
OENOTHERA BIENNIS (EVENING PRIMROSE)
PANAX GINSENG (GINSENG)
PIPER METHYSTICUM (KAVA KAVA)
GINKGO BILOBA (GINGKO)
OTHER HERBS
Herb–drug interactions
Phytoestrogens: soy and red clover
Soy
Red clover
Homoeopathy
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Progesterone transdermal creams
Physical therapies
Further reading
7. Vasomotor symptoms, urogenital and sexual problems
Vasomotor symptoms
Investigations
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE
LUTEINISING HORMONE, ESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE
THYROID FUNCTION TESTS (FREE T4 AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE)
CATECHOLAMINES AND 5-HYDROXYINDOLACETIC ACID
Treatment
ESTROGEN
CLONIDINE
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS AND SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
GABAPENTIN
PROGESTOGENS
OTHERS
Urogenital problems
ASSESSMENT
NONHORMONAL OPTIONS
HORMONAL OPTIONS
DURATION OF TREATMENT WITH TOPICAL ESTROGEN
Sexual problems
ASSESSMENT
Management plans
NON-HORMONAL
HORMONAL
Further reading
VASOMOTOR SYMPTOMS
UROGENITAL PROBLEMS
SEXUAL PROBLEMS
8. Osteoporosis and autoimmune arthritis
Osteoporosis
DEFINITION
OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES
DETERMINANTS OF BONE MASS
RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
INVESTIGATIONS
TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
Autoimmune disease
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHMATOSUS
Further reading
OSTEOPOROSIS
AUTOIMMUNE ARTHRITIS
9. Breast disease
Breast cancer
RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER
PREVIOUS BREAST CANCER AND HRT
Familial breast cancer
Screening for breast cancer
MAMMOGRAPHY
GENETIC TESTING
SCREENING WOMEN AT RISK OF FAMILIAL BREAST CANCER
Benign breast disease
Further reading
10. Benign and malignant gynaecological disease
Benign disease
FIBROIDS
ENDOMETRIOSIS
Gynaecological cancer
OVARIAN CANCER
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
CERVICAL CANCER
Further reading
BENIGN DISEASE
GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER
OVARIAN CANCER
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
CERVICAL CANCER
11. Premature menopause
Symptoms and health consequences of premature ovarian failure
Aetiology
PRIMARY PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE
SECONDARY PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE
Investigations
Premature ovarian failure, fertility and contraception
Hormone replacement therapy
Counselling
Further reading
12. Women with concomitant medical problems
Cardiovascular disease
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
STROKE
HYPERTENSION
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
HYPERLIPIDAEMIA
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
HRT after VTE
Endocrine disorders
DIABETES MELLITUS
THYROID DISEASE
Gastrointestinal disease
GALLBLADDER DISEASE
LIVER DISEASE
CROHN’S DISEASE
COELIAC DISEASE
Neurological disease
MIGRAINE
EPILEPSY
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
DEPRESSION
Other conditions
ASTHMA
RENAL DISEASE
AFTER TRANSPLANTATION
OTOSCLEROSIS
MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Further reading
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
ENDOCRINE
GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE
OTHER
Index