Melatonin in Plants: A Regulator for Plant Growth and Development

✍ Scribed by Ravinder Kumar (editor), Muhammad Ahsan Altaf (editor), Milan Kumar Lal (editor), Rahul Kumar Tiwari (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 312
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book highlights the multifunctional role of the ubiquitous molecule, melatonin, in crop plants. The major focus of this edition is to provide detailed insights into morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of melatonin in the growth and development of the plant. The inception of melatonin as an animal hormone and the subsequent discovery of its multifaceted function in the animal system has triggered the research on this pineal gland hormone. During the last decade, the discovery, quantification and functional studies of melatonin as phytohormone has emerged at a rapid pace. Recently, this phyto-protectant has become an integral component of lab and field-based research on the mitigation of adverse effects of climate-driven abiotic stresses and postharvest biology and technology.

The book explores various biosynthetic pathways and detection of melatonin covering its role in flowering, fruit development, photosynthesis, respiration, hormonal crosstalk, post-harvest biology and reactive oxygen species and nitrogen cycles. This book is of high interest to postharvest industries, horticulturists, scientists, researchers, and students.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
1: Melatonin Discovery and Divergent Biosynthetic Pathways in Plants
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Melatonin Discovery in Animals and Plants
1.3 Melatonin Precursors and Organelle Involved
1.4 Melatonin Biosynthetic Pathway in Animals and Plants
1.5 Conclusion/Future Directions
References
2: Melatonin Detection and Quantification Techniques
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Discovery and Evolution of Melatonin
2.3 Origin of Melatonin Receptors
2.4 Melatonin Biosynthesis in Plants and Animals
2.5 Melatonin Detection and Quantification
2.6 Quantification
2.6.1 Chromatographical Procedures
2.6.2 Brief Procedure of Chromatography
2.6.3 Extraction of Melatonin
2.7 Conclusion
References
3: Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Germination, Plant Establishment, and Vegetative Development
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Melatonin Synthesis and Signaling Pathways in Plants
3.2.1 Biosynthesis of Melatonin in Plants
3.2.2 Melatonin Signaling Pathways
3.2.3 Interaction of Melatonin with Other Plant Hormones
3.3 Melatonin and Seed Germination
3.3.1 Relationship Between Melatonin on Seed Germination
3.3.2 Mechanisms of Melatonin-Mediated Seed Germination
3.3.3 Impact of Melatonin on Seedling Growth
3.4 Melatonin and Plant Establishment
3.4.1 Role of Melatonin in Root Development
3.4.2 Influence of Melatonin on Shoot Growth
3.4.3 Effect of Melatonin on Stress Tolerance During Plant Establishment
3.5 Melatonin and Vegetative Development
3.5.1 Regulation of Melatonin in Vegetative Growth
3.5.2 Interaction of Melatonin with Other Plant Hormones During Vegetative Development
3.5.3 Effect of Melatonin on Plant Architecture
3.6 Conclusion and Future Directions
3.6.1 Summary of the Key Findings
3.6.2 Future Research Directions
References
4: Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Flowering, Fruit Setting, and Ripening
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Flowering
4.2.1 Influence of Melatonin on Flowering of Crops
4.2.2 Role of Melatonin on the Yield Potential of Crops by Influencing Flowering
4.3 Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Fruit Setting
4.3.1 Melatonin Influences Fruit Setting
4.3.2 Melatonin Influences Fruit Development and Parthenocarpy
4.4 Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Fruit Ripening and Senescence
4.4.1 Postharvest Losses in Fruit and Vegetables Due to Improper Ripening and Senescence
4.4.2 Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Fruit Ripening
4.4.3 Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Fruit Senescence
4.5 Conclusion
References
5: Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Photosynthesis and Respiration
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Role of Melatonin in Photosynthesis
5.2.1 How Melatonin Influences Photosynthesis?
5.2.1.1 Maize (Zea mays L.)
5.2.1.2 Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
5.2.1.3 How Melatonin Enhances Photosynthesis in Plants?
5.3 The Effects of Melatonin on Photosynthetic Productivity
5.3.1 Wheat
5.3.2 Rice
5.3.3 Soybeans
5.3.4 Tomato
5.3.5 Potatoes
5.4 Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Respiration
5.4.1 Role of Melatonin in Regulating Plant Respiration
5.4.1.1 Stimulation of Photosynthesis
5.4.1.2 Regulation of Stomatal Conductance
5.4.1.3 Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)
5.4.1.4 Arabidopsis thaliana
5.4.1.5 Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
5.4.1.6 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
5.4.1.7 Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
5.4.2 Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Plants
5.4.2.1 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
5.4.2.2 Maize (Zea mays L.)
5.4.2.3 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
5.4.2.4 Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
5.5 Effects of Melatonin on Photosynthetic and Respiratory Pigments
5.5.1 Effect of Melatonin on Photosynthetic Pigments
5.5.2 The Impact of Melatonin on Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Levels
5.5.2.1 Rice
5.5.2.2 Tomato
5.5.2.3 Arabidopsis
5.5.2.4 Maize
5.6 Factors Influencing Melatonin´s Effects on Photosynthetic Pigments
5.6.1 Amount of Light
5.6.2 Type of Light
5.6.3 Amount of Stress
5.6.4 Type of Crop
5.6.5 Amount of Melatonin Produced
5.7 Effects of Melatonin on Respiratory Pigments
5.7.1 The Impact of Melatonin on Phycobilins and Allophycocyanin Levels
5.7.1.1 Wheat
5.7.1.2 Maize
5.8 Factors Influencing Melatonin´s Effects on Respiratory Pigments
5.8.1 Light
5.8.2 Temperature
5.8.3 Nutrients
5.8.4 Stress
5.8.5 Age of Plant
5.9 Conclusion
5.10 Future Perspectives
References
6: Phytohormonal Cross-Talk with Melatonin in Plant
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Phytohormones: Regulators of Plant Growth and Development
6.1.2 Melatonin: A Multifunctional Signaling Molecule in Plants
6.2 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Melatonin
6.2.1 Enzymatic Pathways for Melatonin Biosynthesis
6.2.2 Regulation of Melatonin Metabolism
6.3 Interactions Between Melatonin and Auxin
6.3.1 Melatonin Modulates Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport
6.3.2 Cross-Talk Between Melatonin and Auxin Signaling Pathways
6.3.3 Roles of Melatonin and Auxin in Plant Growth and Development
6.4 Melatonin and Gibberellins
6.4.1 Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Metabolism
6.4.2 Influence of Melatonin on Gibberellin Signaling
6.4.3 Effects of Melatonin-Gibberellin Interactions on Plant Growth and Development
6.5 Cross-Talk Between Melatonin and Abscisic Acid
6.5.1 Melatonin Regulation of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Signaling
6.5.2 Melatonin-Mediated Abscisic Acid Responses During Stress
6.6 Melatonin and Ethylene
6.6.1 Ethylene Biosynthesis and Signaling
6.6.2 Melatonin-Induced Modulation of Ethylene Pathways
6.6.3 Role of Melatonin-Ethylene Interactions in Plant Defense and Senescence
6.7 Melatonin and Brassinosteroids
6.7.1 Melatonin Interference with Brassinosteroid Pathways
6.8 Interplay Between Melatonin and Jasmonates
6.9 Cross-Talk Between Melatonin and Cytokinin
6.9.1 Cytokinin Biosynthesis
6.9.2 Melatonin and Cytokinin Signaling Pathways
6.9.3 Stress Responses
6.10 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
6.10.1 Integration of Melatonin into the Phytohormonal Network
6.10.2 Harnessing Melatonin-Phytohormone Interactions for Crop Improvement
6.10.3 Future Directions in Research on Phytohormonal Cross-Talk with Melatonin
References
7: Interaction of Melatonin with Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Reactive Species: Definition and Types
7.2.1 Sub-cellular Compartmentalization of ROS Biosynthesis
7.2.1.1 Chloroplastic ROS Production
7.2.1.2 Mitochondrial ROS Production
7.2.1.3 Apoplastic ROS Production
7.2.1.4 Plasma Membranes ROS Production
7.2.1.5 Cell Walls ROS Production
7.3 The ROS/Antioxidant Ratio Dictates the Cell Oxidative Status
7.3.1 The Roles of ROS in Signaling Events
7.3.2 ROS Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway
7.3.3 ROS Activate Some Transcription Factors (TFs)
7.3.4 ROS as Signals for Gene Expression
7.3.5 ROS in Cell-to-Cell Signaling
7.4 Redox-Based Damages to Biomolecules
7.4.1 Lipids Peroxidation
7.4.2 Damages to Nucleotides and DNA
7.4.3 Damage to Carbohydrates
7.4.4 Damage to Proteins
7.5 ROS Detoxification Mechanisms
7.5.1 Non-enzymatic ROS Scavenging Mechanisms
7.5.2 Ascorbic Acid (ASH)
7.5.3 Glutathione (GSH)
7.5.4 α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
7.5.5 Carotenoids
7.5.6 Phenolic Compounds
7.5.7 Proline (Pro)
7.5.8 Enzymatic ROS Scavenging Mechanisms
7.5.9 Superoxide Dismutase (E.C.1.15.1.1)
7.5.10 Catalase (E.C.1.11.1.6)
7.5.11 Ascorbate Peroxidase (E.C.1.1.11.1)
7.5.12 Monodehydroascorbate Reductase (E.C.1.6.5.4)
7.5.13 Dehydroascorbate Reductase (EC 1.8.5.1)
7.5.14 Glutathione Reductase (EC 1.6.4.2)
7.5.15 Guaiacol Peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7)
7.5.16 Glutathione Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)
7.6 Melatonin, a Novel Multifaceted Cellular Antioxidant
7.6.1 Overview of Melatonin Biosynthesis
7.6.2 ROS Scavenging Ability of Melatonin
7.7 Interplay of Melatonin with ROS for Plant Stress Mitigation
7.8 Crosstalk Between ROS and Melatonin: The Role of the Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH)
7.9 Conclusion/Future Directions
References
8: Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and Melatonin Interaction in Plant
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS)
8.2.1 Role of RNS in Plants
8.3 Melatonin
8.4 Melatonin Interaction with RNS (Melatonin-RNS)
8.5 Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of RNS Synthesis and Signaling
8.6 Cross-talk Between Melatonin and RNS in Abiotic Stress
8.7 Cross-talk Between Melatonin and RNS in Biotic Stress
8.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
9: Diverse Functional Role of Melatonin in Postharvest Biology
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Role of Melatonin in Postharvest Management
9.2.1 Postharvest Losses in Fruit and Vegetables
9.2.2 Melatonin Role in Postharvest Management of Fruit and Vegetables
9.2.3 Role of Melatonin in Alleviation of Chilling Injury
9.2.4 Role of Melatonin in Postharvest Disease Control
9.2.5 Role of Melatonin Delay in Ripening and Senescence
9.2.6 Role of Melatonin in Shelf Life and Fruit Quality
9.3 Melatonin Signalling and Regulation of Postharvest Biology
9.3.1 Melatonin Mediated Signalling
9.3.2 Effects of Melatonin on Postharvest Biology
9.4 Conclusion
References
10: Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Post-harvest Management of Vegetables and Fruits
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Role of Melatonin in Plant and Post-harvest Physiology
10.3 Post-harvest Changes in Vegetables and Fruits
10.4 Melatonin´s Regulatory Effects on Post-harvest Management
10.4.1 Antioxidant Properties of Melatonin and Reduction of Oxidative Stress
10.4.2 Melatonin and Signaling
10.5 Melatonin´s Role in Regulating Enzymatic Activities During Storage
10.6 Conclusion
References
11: Synergistic Effect of Melatonin in Plant Growth and Development in Stress Mitigation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Melatonin: Provoking Defense Mechanisms against Various Stresses in Plants
11.2.1 Melatonin Against Abiotic Stressors
11.2.2 Melatonin Application Alleviates Drought Stress
11.2.3 Melatonin and Salt Stress
11.2.4 Melatonin Treatment under Temperature Fluctuations
11.2.5 Melatonin and Heavy Metal Toxicity
11.3 Melatonin against Biotic Stressors
11.4 Melatonin: A Multifunctional Factor in Plants
11.5 Synergistic Response of Melatonin Biosynthesis with Other Hormones
11.6 Regulation of Melatonin-Mediated Plant Growth and Development
11.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
12: Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Growth, Production, and Protection in Forest Plant Species
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Melatonin in Forest Plant Species
12.3 Melatonin as Plant Growth Regulator
12.4 Melatonin-Mediated Alleviation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Forest Plants
12.4.1 Melatonin as an Alleviating Candidate against Biotic Stress
12.4.2 Melatonin-Mediated Alleviation of Abiotic Stresses
12.4.2.1 Salt Stress
12.4.2.2 Temperature
12.4.2.3 Drought
12.4.2.4 Heavy Metal Toxicity
12.4.2.5 UV Exposure
12.5 Conclusion and Future Thrust
References
13: Melatonin: A Promising Tool Against Climate Change and Food Security for Better Plant Survival
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Challenges and Relation Between Food Security and Climate Change
13.3 Potential Roles of Melatonin to the Plant Ecosystem
13.3.1 Melatonin: Environmental Stress
13.3.2 Melatonin: Heavy Metals
13.4 Constraints, Challenges, and Future Aspects
13.5 Conclusion
References