This textbook contains sections with fundamental, classical knowledge in solid mechanics, as well as original modern mathematical models to describe the state and behavior of solid deformable bodies. It has original sections with the basics of mathematical modeling in the solid mechanics, material on the basic principles, and features of mathematical formulation of model problems of solid mechanics. For successful mastering of the material, it is necessary to have basic knowledge of the relevant sections of the courses of mathematical analysis, linear algebra and tensor analysis, differential equations, and equations of mathematical physics. Each section contains a list of test questions and exercises to check the level of assimilation of the material. The textbook is intended for senior university students, postgraduates, and research fellows. It can be used in the study of general and special disciplines in various sections of solid mechanics, applied mechanics for students and undergraduates of various specializations and specialties, such as mechanics and mathematical modeling, applied mathematics, solid physics, and engineering mechanics.