Mechanical Alloying: Fundamentals and Applications

✍ Scribed by P R Soni

• Publisher: Cambridge International Science Publishi
• Year: 1999
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 162
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

From the initial laboratory successes in 1968, the process of mechanical alloying has been developed into a well-controlled production operation over the years, and applied to develop varieties of materials. Being a new field, there is a wealth of recent scientific literature available but all information is scattered. This book tries to address this problem and is aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates and material scientists and engineers who want to have in-depth knowledge in this field. The book is also designed to serve as an introductory and refreshment reference tool for manufacturing engineers actively involved in mechanical alloying.

✦ Table of Contents

PREFACE......Page 10
1.1 HISTORY......Page 11
1.2 BENEFITS OF MECHANICAL ALLOYING......Page 14
2.1 ALLOYING MILLS......Page 16
2.1.1.1 Szegvari attritor mill......Page 17
2.1.1.2 Spex vibratory mill......Page 19
2.1.1.4 Large diameter ball mills......Page 20
2.1.2 Improved Mills......Page 21
2.1.2.1 Modified attritor......Page 22
2.1.2.2. Uni-ball mill......Page 23
2.2 THE PROCESS......Page 26
2.3.1.1. Impact energy......Page 30
2.3.1.4 Speed......Page 31
2.3.2 Temperature......Page 32
2.3.3 Atmosphere......Page 33
2.3.4 Contamination......Page 34
3.1 REACTION MILLING......Page 36
3.3 REPEATED ROLLING......Page 37
3.4 DOUBLE MECHANICAL ALLOYING......Page 39
3.5 REPEATED POWDER FORGING......Page 40
4 PROCESS CONTROL AGENTS IN MECHANICAL ALLOYING......Page 42
5 MECHANISMS IN MECHANICAL ALLOYING......Page 45
5.1.1 Ductile–Ductile System......Page 46
5.1.2 Ductile–Brittle System......Page 47
5.1.3 Brittle–Brittle System......Page 48
5.1.4 Idealness of MA Alloys......Page 50
5.2.1 Amorphization......Page 51
5.2.2 Nanocrystallization......Page 60
5.3 ACTIVATION OF SOLID STATE CHEMICAL REACTION......Page 62
6 ENERGY TRANSFER AND ENERGY MAPS IN MECHANICAL ALLOYING......Page 66
7.1 CONSOLIDATION TECHNIQUES......Page 69
7.2 THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENTS......Page 73
8.1 TENSILE PROPERTIES......Page 76
8.3 CREEP......Page 80
8.4 SCC SUSCEPTIBILITY......Page 81
9.2 MECHANISTIC MODELS......Page 83
9.2.1 Deformation, Coalescence and Fracture......Page 84
9.2.2 Evolution of Particle Size......Page 88
9.2.3 Milling Times......Page 90
9.2.4 Powder Heating......Page 96
9.2.5 Powder Cooling......Page 97
9.3 ATOMISTIC MODELS......Page 98
9.4 THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC MODELS......Page 100
10.1 WELDING......Page 102
10.3 FORGED BONDING......Page 105
11.2 MECHANICAL ALLOYING OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED POWDERS......Page 107
12.1 NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS......Page 114
12.2 MA STEELS......Page 118
12.3 ALUMINIUM-BASE MATERIALS......Page 122
12.4 COPPER-BASE MATERIALS......Page 130
12.5 TITANIUM SYSTEM......Page 132
12.6 MAGNESIUM-BASE MATERIALS......Page 134
12.7 SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS......Page 136
12.8 MAGNETIC MATERIALS......Page 137
12.9 MA POWDERS FOR SPRAY-COATINGS......Page 140
12.11 TRIBOLOGICAL MATERIALS......Page 141
12.12 COMPOSITES......Page 145
12.13 AMORPHOUS SOLIDS......Page 147
12.14 NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS......Page 148
12.15 MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED CHEMICAL REACTIONS......Page 149
12.16 OTHERS......Page 151
LIST OF SYMBOLS......Page 156
Index......Page 158