Content: Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Table of Contents
1: THE PLACE OF MEASUIEMENT, INSTNIMENTATION, AND LABORATORY
1-1. Introduction
1-2. Significance of Measurement and Instrumentation
1-3. Measuring Systems
A. The Transducer and Its Environment: An Overview
B. The Nature of Measurement: a Design Problem
C. Functional Stages of Measuring Systems
D. The Sensing Process
E. Examples of Typical Sensors
1-4. The Measurement Problem
A. Valid Measurements
B. Measuring Systems
1-5. The Instrumentation Problem
1-6. The Laboratory Problem A. ExperimentationB. Goals and Implementation
C. Laboratory Exercises
1-7. Reports
1-8. Nomenclature
1-9. Units and Standards
A. Units
B. Standards
Problems
References
2: TRANSDUCERS
2-1. Physical Laws
A. First-Order Effects: Signal/Noise Ratio
B. Second-order and Irreversible Effects
2-2. Static Characteristics
A. Obtaining a Static Characteristic Curve
B. Linear Characteristics
C. Common Nonlinearities
D. Effects of Noniinearities
E. Linearization
2-3. Transducer Types and Modeling
A. Information Models
B. Energy Models
C. Incremental Models
2-4. Calibration 2-5. Errors in MeasurementsA. Accuracy, Precision, Uncertainty, Mistakes
B. Systematic and Random Errors
C. Engineering Data
2-6. Uncertainty Analysis
A. Overall Uncertainty
B. Estimation for Design
C. Selection of Alternative Test Methods
Problems
References
Suggested Readings
3: STRUCTURE OF MEASURING SYSTEMS
3-1. Methods of Measurement
A. Null-balance Method
B. Unbalance Method
C. Differential Method
D. Inferential and Comparative Measurements
3-2. Comparison of Methods of Measurement
3-3. Interaction Between Components
A. Concept of Impedance
B. One-port Devices C. Two-port DevicesD. Three-port Devices: Amplifiers
3-4. Bridge Circuits
A. Null Balance Systems
B. Unbalance and Differential Systems
3-5. Basic Transducer Circuits
A. Ideal Power Sources
B. Nonideal Power Sources
3-6. Systems with Feedback
A. System Description
B. Effects On Characteristics of Components
C. Effects On System Performance
3-7. Methods of Noise Reduction
A. Noise Reduction At the Interface
B. Noise Reduction By Insensitivity
3-8. Noise Documentation
Problems
References
4: DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUMENTS
4-1. Introduction
4-2. Modeling 4-3. Time Response of InstrumentsA. Test Signals
B. Zero-order Instruments
C. First-order Instruments
D. Second-order Instruments
4-4. Analog Data: Errors and Corrections
A. Requirements for Adequate Response
B. Dynamic Errors
C. Corrections for Analog Data
4-5. Limitations of Time-domain Analysis
4-6. Frequency Response of Instruments
A. Elementary Transfer Functions
B. Bode Plots of General Transfer Functions
C. Dynamic Compensation
4-7. Response To Periodic Signals
A. Fourier Spectrum
B. Response To Periodic Signais
4-8. Response To Transient Signals