Abstract
Proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFC), using a proton‐conducting electrolyte, potentially have higher maximum energy efficiency than conventional oxygen‐ion‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (O‐SOFC). It is important to theoretically study the current–voltage (J–V) characteristics in detail in order to facilitate advanced development of H‐SOFC. In this investigation, a parametric modelling analysis was conducted. An electrochemical H‐SOFC model was developed and it was validated as the simulation results agreed well with experimental data published in the literature. Subsequently, the analytical comparison between H‐SOFC and O‐SOFC was made to evaluate how the use of different electrolytes could affect the SOFC performance. In addition to different ohmic overpotentials at the electrolyte, the concentration overpotentials of an H‐SOFC were prominently different from those of an O‐SOFC. H‐SOFC had very low anode concentration overpotential but suffered seriously from high cathode concentration overpotential. The differences found indicated that H‐SOFC possessed fuel cell characteristics different from conventional O‐SOFC. Particular H‐SOFC electrochemical modelling and parametric microstructural analysis are essential for the enhancement of H‐SOFC performance. Further analysis of this investigation showed that the H‐SOFC performance could be enhanced by increasing the gas transport in the cathode with high porosity, large pore size and low tortuosity.