Materials for Chemical Sensors

✍ Scribed by Bhandari S., Rushi A. (ed.)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 239
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Application as well as detection of different chemicals plays an important role in the progress of modern science and technology. The beauty of various characteristics of materials and the inherent logic behind their working mechanisms can be wisely utilized for sensing different chemicals. The mechanisms as well as performances of different materials viz. carbon nanotube, graphene, metal oxides, biomaterials, luminescent metal-organic frameworks, hydrogels, textiles, quantum dots, ligands, crown ethers etc. for identification of different chemicals has been discussed here. This book would be a valuable reference to select suitable materials for possible use in chemical sensors.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Materials for Chemical Sensors
Copyright
Preface
Contents
1. Metal Oxides as Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Metal Oxide Properties for Sensing Applications
Sensing Mechanisms in Metal Oxides
Sensor Operating Characteristics
Sensor response
Stability and repeatability
Limit of detection
Selectivity
Response and recovery time
Target Entities
Uric acid
Oxygen
Blood sugar/glucose
Carbon dioxide
pH
Refrigerant gases
Volatile organic compounds
LPG
Ammonia
Hydrogen sulphide
Conclusion
References
2. Carbon Nanotube-Based Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Structural Profile of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Chemical Sensing Mechanism
Theoretical Models of Sensing
Sensor Device Architecture and Fabrication Processes
Selective Functionalization of CNT for Designing Chemical Sensors
Non-covalent functionalization of CNTs
Covalent functionalization of CNTs
Sensor Performance Parameters
Various Application Fields of CNTs-based Sensors
CNT-based biological sensors
CNT-based environment monitoring sensors
CNT-based sensors for national security
CNT-based sensors in food and agriculture applications
Summary, Future Outlook, and Commercial Viability of CNTs-based Sensors
References
3. Graphene Based Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Synthesis of Graphene Allotropes
Mechanisms of Graphene Allotrope Sensors
Graphene Family Materials-Based Hybrid Sensors
Synthesis and processing
Assembly method
In situ method
Characterization
Case Studies on Graphene Sensor-Based Devices
Conclusion
References
4. Hydrogel Based Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Operational principle
Sensor design
Sensor calibration
Sensor response time
Sensor transducers
Fundamental transducers principle
Conductometric transducers
Oscillating transducers
Common Polymers for Hydrogel Preparation
Different crosslinked hydrogel material preparation and their characterization
Photo cross-linkable PNIPAAm-terpolymer
Hydrogel Material Conditioning
Swelling/deswelling kinetics in aqueous solutions
Swelling kinetics of the dry gel in water
Co-operative diffusion and sensor response
Polymer Hydrogel Based Chemical Sensors and Biosensors
Hydrogel based plasmonic sensors
Piezoresistive hydrogel based sensors
Biomorphic structures
Hydrogel based biosensors
Nucleic acid embedded hydrogel biosensors
Enzyme embedded hydrogel biosensor
Hydrogel-based chemical sensors
pH Sensor
Application Potential of Hydrogel Based Sensors
Summary
References
5. Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks as Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Sensing
Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Luminescent Metal-organic Frameworks (L-MOFs)
Design Principles of LMOF as Chemosensors
Synthetic strategies used in designing LMOFs
Origin and mechanisms of luminescence in MOFs
Sensing Pathways for Diverse Sensing Applications
Gas sensors
Explosive sensors
Ion sensors
Humidity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors
Biomolecule sensors
pH sensors
Conclusion and Future Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Conflicts of interest
6. Biomaterials as Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Biomaterials and Biosensing Technology
Nanoparticles
Coated surfaces
Hydrogel
Application of the Biomaterials for Sensing
Cancer detection
Bacteria detection
Enzyme detection
Human motion sensing
Concluding Remarks
References
7. Textile Chemical Sensors
Introduction
Textile Substrates for Wearable Sensors
Transduction Mechanisms
Materials
Metals
Conductive polymers
Carbon materials
Sweat
Glucose
Lactate
Ions
pH
Multi-sensing platforms
Wound
pH on wound
Humidity
Surrounding Environment
Ammonia
Nitrogen dioxide
Other analytes and electronic noses
Challenges
Stretchability and physical robustness
Electrical connection, readout electronics, and power supply
Analytical procedure
References
8. Miscellaneous Materials for Chemical Sensing
Introduction
Miscellaneous sensing materials
Combination of Multiple Sensory Materials
Matrix Materials
Conclusion
References
Index
About the Editors