Materials for Architects and Builders

✍ Scribed by Arthur Lyons

• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 435
• Edition: 4
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

A necessary purchase for level 1 and 2 undergraduates studying building/ construction materials modules, Materials for Architects and Builders provides an introduction to the broad range of materials used within the construction industry and contains information pertaining to their manufacture, key physical properties, specification and uses.

Construction Materials is a core module on all undergraduate and diploma construction-related courses and this established textbook is illustrated in colour throughout with many photographs and diagrams to help students understand the key principles.

This new edition has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in materials, appropriate technologies and relevant legislation. The current concern for the ecological effects of building construction and lifetime use are reflected in the emphasis given to sustainability and recycling. An additional chapter on sustainability and governmental carbon targets reinforces this issue.

                                     .Incorporates all changes from British to European building standards to ensure complete complicance with the latest legislation   .Full colour illustrations of materials in context to aid understanding  .Expanded edition discusses sustainable materials and the issues surrounding their use for accurate application and understanding

✦ Table of Contents

Materials for Architects and Builders......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
About the Author......Page 8
Preface to fourth edition......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 10
Information sources......Page 11
General......Page 12
Chemical symbols......Page 13
Cement notation......Page 14
Clay bricks......Page 16
Tolerances......Page 17
Extraction of the raw material......Page 19
Forming processes......Page 20
Firing......Page 21
Specification of clay bricks......Page 22
Type......Page 23
Standard specials......Page 24
Appearance......Page 26
Frost resistance......Page 28
Water absorption and suction......Page 30
Moisture and thermal movement......Page 31
Reclaimed clay bricks......Page 32
Mortars......Page 33
Coloured mortars......Page 35
Reinforced brickwork......Page 37
Thin-bed masonry......Page 38
Preassembled brickwork......Page 39
Brick cladding systems......Page 40
Clay brick paving......Page 41
Manufacture of calcium silicate bricks (sandlime and flintlime bricks)......Page 44
Compressive strength......Page 45
Calcium silicate brickwork......Page 46
Weight and compressive strength......Page 48
Mortarless brick system......Page 49
Standards......Page 50
Advisory organisations......Page 51
Types and sizes......Page 52
Fixability......Page 55
Thermal insulation......Page 56
Sound insulation......Page 57
Fired-clay blocks......Page 58
Gypsum blocks......Page 59
Fairfaced concrete blockwork......Page 61
Thin-joint masonry systems......Page 62
Mortars......Page 63
Beam and block flooring......Page 65
Standards......Page 67
Advisory Organisations......Page 69
Manufacture of lime......Page 70
Carbonation......Page 71
Hemp lime......Page 72
Semi-wet process......Page 73
Dry process......Page 74
Setting and hardening of Portland cements......Page 75
Strength classes of cement......Page 76
Portland cements......Page 78
Blended Portland cements......Page 79
Water-resisting admixtures......Page 82
Calcium aluminate cement......Page 83
Calcium sulphoaluminate cement......Page 84
Dense aggregates......Page 85
Lightweight aggregates......Page 88
Translucent concrete......Page 89
Water/cement ratio......Page 90
Workability......Page 91
Slump test......Page 92
Concrete cube and cylinder tests......Page 93
Sulphate attack......Page 94
Chemical attack and aggressive ground......Page 95
Carbonation......Page 96
Designated concrete......Page 97
Designed concrete......Page 98
In situ concrete testing......Page 99
Reinforced concrete......Page 100
Prestressed concrete......Page 103
Visual concrete......Page 104
Precast concrete......Page 105
Precast aircrete panels......Page 106
Smooth finishes......Page 107
Tooled concrete finishes......Page 108
External rendering......Page 109
Painted rendered finishes......Page 111
Concrete paving slabs and tiles......Page 112
Further reading......Page 113
Standards......Page 114
BRE Information papers......Page 118
Advisory Organisations......Page 119
Introduction......Page 120
Metabolism of the tree......Page 121
Constituents of timber......Page 122
Hardwoods and softwoods......Page 124
Timber species......Page 125
Types of cut......Page 126
Sizes......Page 127
Moisture content and seasoning......Page 128
Air seasoning......Page 129
Moisture movement......Page 130
Conversion defects......Page 131
Specification of timber......Page 132
Strength grading......Page 133
Service class......Page 135
Chemical modified timber......Page 137
Gridshell construction......Page 138
Round timber......Page 139
Qualitative classification of round timber......Page 140
Deterioration of timber......Page 141
Fungal attack......Page 142
Insect attack......Page 144
Preservation of timber......Page 146
Fire......Page 149
Timber connectors......Page 150
Forms......Page 151
Cross-laminated timber......Page 152
Structural insulated panels......Page 153
Laminated veneer lumber......Page 154
Manufacture......Page 155
Grades......Page 156
Core plywood......Page 157
Wood particleboard (chipboard)......Page 158
Cement-bonded particleboard......Page 160
Flaxboard......Page 161
Manufacture......Page 163
Hardboard......Page 164
Types and uses......Page 165
Materials......Page 166
Properties......Page 167
Steko blocks......Page 168
Recycling timber......Page 169
Further Reading......Page 170
Standards......Page 171
BRE Digests......Page 176
Wood information sheets......Page 177
Advisory Organisations......Page 178
Manufacture of pig iron......Page 179
Steel-making......Page 182
Cold-rolled steel......Page 183
Cast iron......Page 184
Steels......Page 185
Specification of steels......Page 186
Bending of structural sections......Page 189
Bi-Steel......Page 190
Applied protection to structural steel......Page 191
Fire engineering......Page 193
Profiled steel sheeting......Page 194
Weathering steel......Page 195
Stainless steels......Page 196
Coated steels......Page 197
Terne-coated and lead-clad steel......Page 198
Enamel coating......Page 199
Properties......Page 200
Contact with other building materials......Page 201
Aluminium alloys......Page 202
Aluminium in building......Page 203
Copper......Page 205
Fire refined tough pitch copper (Cu-FRHC or CW005A)......Page 206
Corrosion......Page 208
Traditional and long-strip systems......Page 209
Bronze......Page 210
Lead sheet......Page 212
Lead sheet cladding......Page 213
Lead tiles......Page 214
Manufacture......Page 215
Zinc sheet......Page 216
Lacquered zinc sheet......Page 217
Corrosion......Page 218
Roofing and cladding......Page 219
Properties and uses......Page 220
Process of metallic corrosion......Page 221
Factors affecting the rate of corrosion......Page 223
Standards......Page 224
BRE Information papers......Page 229
Advisory organisations......Page 230
Cold-deck roofs......Page 231
Reinforced bitumen membranes......Page 232
Types of reinforced bitumen membranes......Page 233
Roofing systems......Page 234
Plastomeric APP high-performance membranes......Page 235
Types of mastic asphalt......Page 236
Roofing systems......Page 237
Single-ply roofing systems......Page 238
Thermoplastic systems......Page 239
Polymer-based systems......Page 240
Extensive green roofs......Page 241
Further reading......Page 242
Standards......Page 243
Advisory organisations......Page 245
Introduction......Page 246
Alkaline earth silicate, borosilicate and ceramic glass......Page 247
Float glass......Page 248
Profiled sections......Page 249
Glass blocks......Page 250
Clear white glass......Page 251
Decorative coloured glass......Page 252
Toughened glass......Page 254
Heat-strengthened glass......Page 257
Laminated glass......Page 258
Non-insulating glass......Page 259
Insulating glass......Page 260
Energy conservation......Page 261
Double and triple glazing......Page 262
Low-emissivity glass......Page 264
Solar control glasses......Page 265
Acoustic control......Page 266
Anti-reflection glass......Page 267
Sound-generating glass......Page 268
Electrochromic glass......Page 269
Glass supporting systems......Page 270
Structural glass......Page 271
Glass staircases, balustrades and floors......Page 275
Further Reading......Page 276
Standards......Page 277
Advisory Organisations......Page 280
Manufacturing processes......Page 281
Bricks and roofing tiles......Page 283
Faience......Page 284
Earthenware wall tiles......Page 287
Reproduction decorative tiles......Page 288
Standards......Page 290
BRE Digests......Page 291
Advisory Organisations......Page 292
Granites......Page 293
Sedimentary rocks......Page 295
Limestones......Page 296
Metamorphic rocks......Page 300
Slate......Page 301
Marble......Page 302
Traditional walling......Page 304
Gabions......Page 305
Stone cladding......Page 308
Soluble salt action......Page 309
Cleaning......Page 310
Cast stone......Page 311
Further Reading......Page 312
Standards......Page 313
Building Research Establishment Publications......Page 314
Advisory Organisations......Page 315
Polymerisation......Page 316
Glass transition temperature......Page 317
Elastomers......Page 318
Fire......Page 319
Thermal and moisture movement......Page 320
Pressing......Page 321
Thermoplastics......Page 322
Polypropylene......Page 323
Polybutylene......Page 324
Polytetrafluoroethylene......Page 325
Polycarbonate......Page 326
Melamine formaldehyde......Page 328
EPDM......Page 329
Corian......Page 330
Recycling of plastics......Page 331
Standards......Page 332
Advisory Organisations......Page 337
Fabrication process......Page 338
Physical properties and design considerations......Page 339
Carbon-fibre and aramid composites......Page 340
Recycling fibre-reinforced polymers......Page 341
Cement matrix......Page 342
Impact resistance......Page 343
Glass-fibre reinforced gypsum......Page 344
Glass-fibre reinforced gypsum boards......Page 345
Standards......Page 346
Advisory organisations......Page 347
Retarded hemi-hydrate gypsum plaster......Page 348
Backgrounds for plaster......Page 349
Plasterboard systems......Page 350
Textured plaster......Page 351
Fire resistance of plaster materials......Page 352
Recycling gypsum products......Page 353
Standards......Page 354
Advisory Organisation......Page 356
Thermal and sound insulation materials......Page 357
Lightweight aggregate concrete......Page 358
Mineral wool......Page 359
Glass wool......Page 360
Exfoliated vermiculite......Page 361
Cork products......Page 362
Recycled plastic......Page 363
Fibre insulation board......Page 364
Expanded polystyrene boards......Page 365
Polyurethane foam......Page 366
Thermo-reflective insulation products......Page 367
Further Reading......Page 368
Standards......Page 369
BRE Reports......Page 372
Advisory Organisations......Page 373
Thermal movement......Page 374
Plastic sealants......Page 375
Elastic sealants......Page 377
Joint design......Page 378
Gaskets......Page 379
Ceramic wall tile adhesives......Page 381
Wood adhesives......Page 382
Gap-filling adhesive......Page 383
Standards......Page 384
Advisory Organisation......Page 387
British Standards system......Page 388
Natural Color System......Page 389
Colour Palette notation system......Page 391
Undercoats......Page 394
Visual comparison of paint colours......Page 393
Heat-resisting paint......Page 395
Water-repellent and waterproof paints......Page 396
Varnishes......Page 397
Standards......Page 398
Advisory Organisations......Page 399
Photovoltaics......Page 400
Photovoltaic roofing and cladding materials......Page 401
Solar collectors......Page 403
Light pipes......Page 404
Heat pump systems......Page 405
Wind turbine systems......Page 406
Rainwater harvesting systems......Page 407
Further Reading......Page 408
Standards......Page 409
Advisory Organisations......Page 410
Straw bales......Page 411
Rammed-earth and cob construction......Page 412
Earth-sheltered buildings......Page 414
Recycled tyres......Page 415
Papercrete......Page 416
Further Reading......Page 417
BRE Reports......Page 418
Code for Sustainable Homes......Page 419
Prototypical zero carbon homes......Page 420
Existing building stock......Page 422
Green guide to specification......Page 423
Further Reading......Page 424
BRE Information papers......Page 425
Advisory Organisations......Page 426
Index......Page 428