Mastering the 12-Lead EKG

✍ Scribed by David Roberts

• Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
• Year: 2019
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 516
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Mastering the 12-Lead EKG, Second Edition is the only book to boil down the complexity of learning EKG interpretation into an engaging and approachable tool. This resource uses a step-by-step systematic method, real-world clinical applications, and abundant practice opportunities to teach you everything you need to know to provide expert, quality care. The second edition is greatly enhanced with abundant exercises that apply and reinforce chapter concepts.

With a clear, approachable writing style, the book delivers extensive opportunities for learning, taking students from the beginning of their EKG journey through mastery of the 12 lead. Woven throughout each chapter is an algorithmic method for mastering EKG interpretation that fosters retention of the content. Engaging hand-drawn illustrations will keep you engaged as you learn everything you need to know about EKGs, beginning with anatomy and physiology and closing with the latest important 12-lead EKG topics. You will have hundreds of opportunities to practice and apply your knowledge through interpreting sample EKG strips, case studies, and fill-in-the-blank questions.

New to the Second Edition:

• Incorporates exercises that apply and reinforce chapter concepts
• Offers hundreds of practice opportunities including EKG strip interpretation, case studies, and questions with detailed explanations

Key Features:

• Conversational writing style and abundant images including EKG strips and illustrations
• Step-by-step algorithmic method for interpreting 12-lead EKGs
• For students with minimal or no EKG experience
• Real-world examples to connect complex clinical concepts
• Detailed answers with explanations of important concepts provided online
• Delivers both the breadth and depth that health care professionals need to provide quality patient care

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Peer Reviewer
Preface
About Me
Got an EKG?
Acknowledgment
Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
It’s Greek to Me
The EKG
The Heart
The Heart’s Layers
Myocardium
The Coronary Arteries
The Heart Valves
The Heart Cycle
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References
Chapter 2: Electrical Conduction System of the Heart
The Electrical Conduction System
Myocardial Depolarization and Repolarization
Parts of the Conduction System
His-Purkinje System
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References
Chapter 3: Waves of the EKG
Pep Talk
Time to Mind Your PS and QS
The EKG Paper
Electrodes
The Four Laws
The Waves, Intervals, and Segments
Final Thoughts
Exercises
Reference
Chapter 4: The 12-Lead Ekg
The Fog
Review
Introduction to the 12-Lead EKG
The Limb Leads
The Chest Leads
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References
Chapter 5: Heart Rate and Rhythm
Introduction
What is the Rate?
Rhythm
Is the Rhythm Regular or Irregular?
At First Sight
Is the QRS Narrow or Wide?
Algorithm
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 6: Sinus Rhythms
Heart Rhythms
The Four Laws
Sinus Rhythms
Normal Sinus Rhythm
Are P Waves Present?
Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Sinus Arrhythmia
Systematic Approach
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 7: Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Introduction
Premature Atrial Complexes
Systematic Approach
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Av Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
Paroxysmal Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia and Wandering Atrial Pacemaker
Systematic Approach
Escape Rhythms
Exercises
Reference
Chapter 8: Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 9: Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome
AV Reentrant Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation in WPW
Treatment of WPW
Lown–Ganong–Levine Syndrome
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 10: Ventricular Arrhythmias
Introduction
Premature Ventricular Complexes
Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Fibrillation
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Escape Rhythm
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 11: Atrioventricular Blocks
Introduction
First-Degree AVB
Second-Degree AVBs
2:1 AVB
High-Grade AVB
Third-Degree AVB (Complete)
Other Heart Blocks
Electrocardiographic Polyuria
Take-Home Points
Exercises
Chapter 12: EKGs and Pacemakers
Introduction
Indications
Types of Pacemakers
EKG of Pacemakers
Pacemaker Malfunctions
Treatment
Exercises
Chapter 13: EKG Artifacts
Introduction
Loose Lead Artifact
Wandering Baseline
Muscle Tremor Artifact
Electromagnetic Interference
CPR Compression Artifact/Shock
Neuromodulation Artifact
Arterial Pulse Tapping Effect
Exercises
Chapter 14: EKG Axis Interpretation
Introduction
Time to Kick Some Axis
The Hexaxial Diagram
Normal Depolarization of the Atria and Ventricles
Normal Axis
Abnormal Axis
Calculating the Axis
Exercises
Reference/Resource
Chapter 15: Bundle Branch Blocks
Is the QRS Narrow or Wide?
Normal Conduction
The QRS Complex
Bundle Branch Blocks
Fascicular Blocks
Bifascicular Blocks
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 16: Ventricular Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy and Dilation
Atrial Enlargement
Ventricular Enlargement
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 17: Causes of ST Elevation and Depression on the EKG
ST-T Wave
ST Elevation
T-Wave Inversions
ST Depression
Exercises
Reference/Resource
Chapter 18: Ischemia Detection on the EKG
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Normal ST Segment and T Waves
EKG Criteria for Myocardial Ischemia
Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation MI
Horizontal or Down-Sloping ST Depression
T-Wave Inversions
Location
Serial EKGs
Nonspecific ST-T Changes
Other Findings Associated with Ischemia
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 19: Infarction Detection on the EKG
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Abnormal Q Waves
Localization of STEMI
ST Depression in V1–V3
ST Elevation in aVR
De Winter’s T Waves
Treatment of STEMI
STEMI and Left Bundle Branch Block
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References/Resources
Chapter 20: Electrolytes, Medications, and Disease on the EKG
Electrolytes
Measuring the QT Interval
Medications
Disease
Final Thoughts
Exercises
References/Resources
Appendix: Rhythm Summary
Sinus Rhythms
Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Ventricular Arrhythmias
AV Heart Blocks
Pacemakers
Index