Mass Balances for Chemical Engineers

✍ Scribed by Feijoo G., Lema J.M., Teresa Moreira M.T.

• Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 209
• Series: De Gruyter Textbook
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This textbook summarizes the fundamentals of mass balance relevant for chemical engineers and an easy and comprehensive manner. Plenty of example calculations, schemes and flow diagrams facilitate the understanding. Case studies from relevant topics such as sustainable chemistry illustrate the theory behind current applications.
Mass balance fundamentals in systems with and without chemical reactions.
Easy to understand with plenty of example calculations, schemes and flow diagrams.
Current practice examples from the field of sustainable chemistry.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Also of Interest
Mass Balances for Chemical Engineers
Copyright
Contents
1. Conservation principles
1.1 The law of conservation of mass
1.2 General balance equation
2. Balances in systems without chemical reaction
2.1 Formulation of the general equation of macroscopic mass balance
2.1.1 Overall balance
2.1.2 Component balance
2.2 Macroscopic mass balances for systems without chemical reaction at steady state
2.2.1 Overall balance
2.2.2 Component balance
2.3 Heuristic rules for the solution of problems on mass balance
2.4 Recirculation, purge or bypass
2.4.1 Recirculation/recycle and purge streams
2.4.2 Bypass stream
2.5 Air–water balance
2.5.1 Absolute and relative humidity
2.5.2 Psychometric diagrams
2.6 Study of the nonstationary state
2.7 Proposed problems
2.7.1 Balances to units and systems
2.7.2 Balances with recirculation, bypass and/or purge
2.7.3 Balances in the air–water balance
2.7.4 Mass balances in nonstationary state
3. Balances in systems with chemical reaction
3.1 Stoichiometry
3.1.1 Algebraic formulation
3.1.2 Conversion
3.1.2.1 Intensive conversion
3.1.2.2 Conversion
3.1.2.3 Relationship between molar conversion and degree of conversion
3.1.3 Limiting reactant and excess
3.1.4 Multiple reactions: yield and selectivity
3.2 Chemical equilibrium in systems with chemical reactions
3.2.1 Chemical equilibrium with gas-phase reactions
3.2.2 Acid–base reactions
3.2.3 Solubility product
3.3 Kinetic aspects: reaction rate
3.3.1 Integrated equations of reaction rate
3.3.2 Factors influencing reaction rate
3.3.2.1 Temperature
3.3.2.2 Catalysts
3.3.3 Application to Metabolic Engineering
3.4 Proposed problems
3.4.1 Stoichiometry
3.4.2 Systems in equilibrium
3.4.3 Kinetic controlled systems
4. Balances in multiple systems
4.1 Analysis of degrees of freedom
4.1.1 Specification of a system
4.1.2 Calculation of the number of degrees of freedom
4.2 Solution strategies
4.3 Synthesis of methanol
4.3.1 Degrees of freedom
4.3.2 Simulation based on mass balances: sequential modular method
4.4 Circular economy: obtaining sodium alginate from marine algae
4.4.1 Simulation based on mass balances
4.5 Proposed case studies
4.5.1 Production of iodine (I2)
4.5.2 Biomass gasification
4.5.3 Alkylation: iso-octane synthesis
4.5.4 Catalytic desalkylation of toluene for benzene production
4.5.5 Synthesis of sulfuric acid
4.5.6 Second-generation bioethanol production
4.5.7 Synthesis of β-galactosidase
4.5.8 Biogas conditioning for a cogeneration system
Nomenclature
Subscripts
Greek letters
Glossary
Bibliography
App
Scientific Articles
Books
Web pages
Appendices
Appendix A Systems of units: Excel CONVERT function
A.1 Absolute systems: international system of units
A.2 Engineering systems
A.3 Conversion factors
A.4 Excel CONVERT function
Appendix B Graphic symbols for process flow diagrams
B.1 Process flow diagrams
B.2 Graphical symbols
B.3 ISO standards
Appendix C Solving nonlinear equations
C.1 Newton–Raphson method
C.2 Using the Excel circular reference application for iterative calculation
C.3 Successive iterations method using Excel “Goal Seek” application
C.4 Iteration method by “Solver”
Appendix D Solving a system of linear equations
D.1 Matrix inversion method
D.2 Gauss–Seidel method
Index