Markings on motion picture film produced by drops of water, condensed water vapor, and abnormal drying conditions
✍ Scribed by J.I Crabtree; G.E Matthews
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1924
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 52 KB
- Volume
- 197
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0016-0032
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
WATER markings are classified into the following types: (A) Markings produced previous to development and caused by (I) accidental splashing of water on the film, or (2) condensation of water vapor. (B) Markings produced after development and fixation and caused by abnormal drying conditions. The first half of the article deals with the various factors influencing the formation of the different types of markings such as the age of emulsion, temperature, nature of support, order of exposure, degree of swelling of the gelatin, etc. In general, all types of markings discussed under (A) are most prevalent on film that has been exposed to light before the moisture deposition occurs. The number and type of the markings were independent of the nature of the emulsion or support. Under (B), the formation of drying marks is prevented by hardening the film, removal of superfluous water, and a moderate, even rate of drying, whereas increased swelling of the gelatin, rapid drying at high temperatures or changes in the rate of drying encourage production of drying markings.
The second half of the paper presents a detailed classification including illustrations of fifteen kinds of moisture markings as were produced under the conditions described in the previous section. The markings may be roughly divided into three essentially different types : ( I ) Black spots darker than the surrounding film ;
(2) white spots lighter than the surrounding film; and ( 3) composite spots. Practical suggestions on methods of avoiding moisture markings and a short theoretical postulation of their manner of formation are given. * Communicated by the Director. ~Communication No. x95 from the Research Laboratory of the Eastman Kodak Company and published in B.