Marketing Universals: Consumers' Use of
โ
N. Dawar; P. Parker
๐
Article
๐
1994
๐
American Marketing Association
๐
English
โ 649 KB
Marketing universals are defined as consumer behaviors within a segment and toward a particular product category that are invariant across cultures. Using several definitions of culture and three different criteria for universality, the authors evaluate whether the use of brand, price, retailer repu