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Marine Nitrogen Fixation

āœ Scribed by Jonathan P. Zehr, Douglas G. Capone


Publisher
Springer
Year
2021
Tongue
English
Leaves
191
Edition
1
Category
Library

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✦ Synopsis


This book aims to serve as a centralized reference document for students and researchersĀ interested in aspects of marine nitrogen fixation. Although nitrogen is a critical element in both terrestrial and aquatic productivity, and nitrogen fixation is a key process that balances losses due to denitrification in both environments, most resources on the subject focuses on the biochemistry and microbiology of such processes and the organisms involved in the terrestrial environment on symbiosis in terrestrial systems, or on largely ecological aspects in the marine environment. ThisĀ book is intended to provide an overview of N2 fixation research for marine researchers, while providing a reference on marine research for researchers in other fields, including terrestrial N2 fixation.

This book bridges this knowledge gap for both specialists and non-experts, and provides an in-depth overview of the important aspects of nitrogen fixation as it relates to the marine environment.Ā This resource will be useful for researchers in the specialized field, but also useful for scientists in other disciplines who are interested in the topic. It would provide a possible text for upper division classes or graduate seminars.

✦ Table of Contents


Foreword
References
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Nitrogen Fixation inĀ theĀ Marine Environment
1.1 The Nitrogen Cycle
1.2 Terrestrial andĀ Aquatic Environments
References
Chapter 2: Fundamentals ofĀ N2 Fixation
2.1 Microbiology
2.2 Nitrogen Fixation Reaction andĀ Nitrogenases
2.3 The Biological Nitrogen Fixation Reaction
2.4 Non-structural nif Genes andĀ Protein Assembly
2.5 Cellular Regulation ofĀ Nitrogenase
2.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: History ofĀ Research onĀ Marine N2 Fixation
3.1 History ofĀ Studies ofĀ Marine N2 Fixation
3.2 Process Oriented Studies: Water Column
3.3 Benthic Marine Environments
3.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: Microorganisms andĀ Habitats
4.1 The Surface Ocean (Pelagic)
Cyanobacteria
Heterotrophic N2 Fixers
4.2 Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs)
4.3 Mesopelagic andĀ Deep Ocean
4.4 The Benthos
Microbial Mats
Shallow Sediments
Corals andĀ Coral Reefs
Marine Plant Communities
Deep Sea Benthos
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Measurements ofĀ Organism Abundances andĀ Activities
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Cultivation
5.3 The Acetylene Reduction Method
5.4 Isotopic Tracers: 15N
5.5 Hydrogen
5.6 Functional Gene Analysis
5.7 Stable Isotope Probing
5.8 Biogeochemical Proxies
5.9 Remote Sensing
5.10 Experimental andĀ Observational Formats andĀ Scales
5.11 Mathematical Models
5.12 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Factors Controlling N2 Fixation
6.1 Oxygen
6.2 Light
6.3 Temperature
6.4 Nutrients
6.5 Dissolved Organic Matter
6.6 Salinity
6.7 pH
6.8 Turbulence
6.9 Fate ofĀ Diazotrophs
6.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Biogeography ofĀ N2 Fixation inĀ theĀ Surface Ocean
7.1 Factors Controlling theĀ Distribution ofĀ N2 Fixation Biogeography
7.2 Nutrient Limitation Geography
7.3 N2 Fixation Variables
7.4 Oligotrophic Oceans
7.5 Coastal andĀ Upwelling Regions
7.6 Seasonality
7.7 Low O2 Waters
7.8 Estuaries andĀ Inland Seas
7.9 High Latitudes Including theĀ Arctic
7.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: N2 Fixation inĀ Ocean Basins
8.1 Nutrient Relationships, Ratios andĀ N Cycle Feedbacks
Stable Isotope Inferences
The N* Parameter andĀ N2 Fixation
8.2 Basin andĀ Global Scale Inputs
Pelagic Studies
Heterotrophic N2 Fixation Inputs
Benthic Studies
8.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Marine N2 Fixation, Global Change andĀ theĀ Future
9.1 Effects ofĀ Environmental Changes onĀ Species
9.2 Large-Scale Shifts inĀ N2 Fixation inĀ theĀ Global Ocean
9.3 Ocean Fertilization andĀ Marine N2 Fixation
9.4 Marine Aquaculture, Biotechnology andĀ N2 Fixation
9.5 Overcoming Challenges forĀ Future N2 Fixation Research
9.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Summary andĀ Conclusions
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fundamentals
10.3 History
10.4 Microorganisms
10.5 Measurements
10.6 Factors
10.7 Biogeography
10.8 N2 Fixation inĀ Ocean Basins
10.9 Marine N2 Fixation, Global Change andĀ theĀ Future
10.10 Over-Arching Questions, Controversies andĀ Future Directions
Microbiological
Physiological
Ecological/Biogeochemical
Methodological/Technological
10.11 Closing Comments
Index


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