Almost all patients with prostatic cancer will eventually escape the control of the first-line endocrine therapy and relapse. This escape is attributed to selecting. and/or cloning preexisting or de novo appearing hormone-independent or resistant cell lines and occurs in most patients after a median time of 12 to 18 months.
Currently, there are no generally accepted rules for second-line management, either endocrine or by other means. It seems reasonable to consider length of survival as the only objective response criterion and not to rely on other response criteria.
Available second-line therapeutic modalities in relapsed prostatic cancer are alternative endocrine manipulations, chemotherapy, combined endocrine and cytotoxic therapy, new drugs, radiation therapy, and general antitumoral and supportive care.
Second-line therapy in relapsed disease makes sense if life can be prolonged while relieving symptoms and maintaining or improving the quality of survival. The capacity to prolong survival is limited. As a result, second-line therapy should aim more at improving the quality rather than the length of survival while considering the specific expectations and wishes of the patient. Cancer 1992; 70:329-334.