unrealistic to prescribe one particular operation for all patients as they may present in various stages. The use of a two-layer anastomosis for closure of a perforation confers no advantage and might lengthen operating time. I use a single-layer seromuscular continuous 310 chromic catgut suture an
Male breast cancer
โ Scribed by Patrick I. Borgen
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1991
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 656 KB
- Volume
- 7
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 8756-0437
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
โฆ Synopsis
Breast cancer in the male is an uncommon disease, occurring less than 1% as often as in females. Because of its rarity, this disease has not been as extensively studied as its female counterpart. Male breast cancer is evaluated and managed in a fashion very similar to that for female breast cancer. Primary management in early stage disease is usually a modified radical mastectomy. First line hormonal therapy for metastatic disease, in our institution, is tamoxifen for patients with positive estrogen receptors. Second line therapy consists of progestins or antiandrogens/LHRH analogs. No firm recommendations can be made concerning adjuvant systemic therapy. However, it is likely that studies from female patients are adaptable. Unfortunately, carcinoma of the male breast is such an infrequently encountered tumor that unfamiliarity with the disease can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. An increased awareness of the disease may be expected to result in earlier detection and institution of therapy at a stage when cure may be possible.
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## ~~ Male breast cancer is an uncommon malignancy, making it difficult to accurately define the features and optimal management of this disease. As more information is generated, it appears that the pathogenesis is related in large part to hormonal alterations but that the histologic features, bi
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