Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Acknowledgments
Preface
Stage 1 Issue Awareness
1 The Beginning
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Beginning a Change
What These Concepts Are About
Participation
Responsibility
Changing Conditions
Spectrum of Attitudes
The Facilitation of Change Model
Try It!
Summary
Citations
2 Reflect, Observe and Wonder Abstract
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Reflecting, Observing and Wondering
What This Technique Is About
The Importance of Reflection
Making Observations
Wondering
How to Carry Out Observing and Noticing Techniques
Try It! Observing Your Community
Summary
Citations
3 Detours
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Activity Traps and Finding Your Way Through the Maze
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
Stage 2 Getting to Know You
What’s in This Section
What This Section is About
4 Reflective Facilitation
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Reflection: Race Unity Conversation
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Journaling Buttons and Biases
Social Biases Can Be Either Implicit or Explicit
Before the Meeting: Clear a Mental Space
During the Meeting: Provide Neutral Guidance
After the Meeting: Debriefing
Try It
Summary
Citations
5 Calling the First and Subsequent Meetings
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Calling a First Meeting
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
First Steps for a Facilitator
How to Call the First Meeting
Calling Subsequent Meetings
Try It!
Summary
Citations
6 Recruit and Retain Volunteers
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Recruiting Volunteers
What This Technique Is About
Volunteer Service
Characteristics of Volunteers
Life Stages
Gender, Marital, Parental and Educational Status
Motivations
Recruiting Volunteers
Recruiting Strategies
Retaining Volunteers
Making Doers Out of the Supporters
How to Carry Out This Technique
Social Media
Personal Invitation
Retention
Try It!
Summary
Resources
Citations
7 Clearing Mental Space for Facilitation
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Preparing to Facilitate
What This Technique Is About
Mindfulness for Facilitators
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
8 Building Rapport and Unity
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Creating Your Own Dream Team
What This Technique Is About
What “Ice” Isolates People From Each Other?
I-to-We
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
Stage 3 Information Seeking
9 Mental Models and Frameworks
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Mental Models
What This Technique Is About
Identify Your Group’s Mental Models
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
10 Spectrum of Attitudes
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Attitudes Toward Beneficiaries of Change
Viewing People as Resources
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Examine the Spectrum of Attitudes with Your Group
Set Up Your Protocol
Try It!
Summary
Citations
11 What’s Happening Now?
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About What’s Happening Now and Desired Outcomes
What This Technique Is About
Brainstorm “What’s Happening Now”
Root Causes
SWOT Analysis: Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Choose High-Priority, High-Yield Issues
Locating and Establishing Indicators
How to Carry Out This Technique
“What’s Happening Now” Method 1 for Small Groups
“What’s Happening Now” Method 2 for Large Groups
Try It!
Summary
Citations
12 Visioning
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story: Situational Blindness
What This Technique Is About
Small-Scale Visioning
Large-Scale Visioning
A Hunger-Free St. Michael Parish
How to Carry Out This Technique
Brainstorming: Gathering the Wisdom of the Group
Brainstorming Methods
Recharging a Group That Is Stuck
OK, Now What?
Try It!
Summary
Citations
13 Change Resistance and Readiness
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Change Readiness: Open Housing in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 1968
What This Technique Is About
Types of Change
Individuals and Change
Resistance
Resilience
Opposition
Community Readiness
The Change Timeline
Readiness Levels
Making Plans
How to Carry Out This Technique
Collecting Readiness Data
Analyzing Qualitative Data From Interviews or Surveys
Try It!
Summary
Citations
14 Wondering and Hypothesis Testing
What’s in This Chapter
Objectives
A Story About Reading in Prison
What This Technique Is About
Clarifying the Problem
Hypothesis
Contributing Factors
The Fishbone Diagram
Indicators
Searching for Data on Indicators
Hypothesis Testing
Action Steps
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
15 Planning Perspectives
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Planning Perspectives
What This Technique Is About
Grids and Units of Change
Focus on Outcomes and Conditions
Purpose
The Four Action Quadrants
How to Carry Out This Technique
An Example
Try It!
Summary
Citations
16 Force Field Analysis: Upsetting the Equilibrium
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Analysis: A Skateboarder’s Solution
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
An Example
Try It!
Exercise #1
Exercise #2
Summary
Citations
17 Identifying the Play and the Players in a Community
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story: Maurine Plays a Columbo Role in a New Project
What This Technique Is About
Identifying the Community, Their Cultures and Values
Who Needs to Be Aware of the Plan?
Key Members
Who Has Influence in the Community?
Who Is “Outside” the Community?
How to Gather the Information
Identifying the Play
The Community Description
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
18 Getting Grounded: Collecting Data Together
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Data Collection
Local Data Collection
Conclusion
What This Technique Is About
Why Collaborate?
Principles of Collecting Data Together
Acquiring Research Partners
Sustaining Partnerships
Conducting Participatory Data Gathering and Evaluation
Data Collection
Sharing Findings and Decisions With the Team
Sharing the Findings With the Community
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Resources
Citations
Stage 4 Facilitation of Planning
19 Getting Started on Planning for Change
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story: Conversation for Race Unity
Step 1: Seeking Allies for Awareness-Building and Information-Sharing
Step 2: Networking for Organizational and Community Resources
Step 3: Cooperative Creation of New Resources
What These Techniques Are About
Review Your Research
SWOT Analysis
Perspectives, Paradigms and Sources of Design
Planning Change Strategies and Tactics
How to Carry Out These Techniques
Try It!
Summary
Citations
20 Where Are We Going and How Will We Get There? Strategies and Tactics
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story: How the Quakers Changed Direction on Their Vision of a Retreat Center
What This Technique Is About
Examples of Community Development Strategies
Tactics
How to Develop Strategies and Tactics
Project Timeline
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Resources
Citations
21 Effective Learning Objectives
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story: If You Don’t Know Where You Are Going, Any Path Will Do
What This Technique Is About
Example: Hunger-Free St. Michael Parish
How to Carry Out This Technique
SMART Objectives
Try It!
Summary
Citations
22 No Tin Cups: Fundraising and Stewardship
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Funding Homes for Veterans
What This Technique Is About
Creating a Fundraising Plan
Methods of Fundraising
Sponsorships
Individual Giving
Build a Fundraising Network
Fundraising Events
In-Kind Donations
Fee-For-Service
Grants
Accountability and Stewardship
How to Carry Out These Techniques
Create a Fundraising Plan
Fundraising Strategies
Conduct Meetings Seeking Donations
Build a Fundraising Network
Events
In-Kind Donations
Fee-For-Service
Grants
Demonstrating Accountability and Stewardship
Communications
Software to Assist With Fundraising
Try It!
Summary
Resources
Donation Forms and Web Pages
Free Software for Fundraising
Sources for Grant Searches
Websites for More Information
Citations
23 Building Alliances and Collaboration
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Opening Dialogue
What This Technique Is About
Alliances With Outside Organizations
Bridge Cultural, Social and Community Values
Build the Community and Methods of Collaborating
Alliances With Outside People
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Resources
Citations
24 Choreography of Conversation
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Communication: Mr. Mayor Attends a Race Unity Group Meeting
What This Technique Is About
Step 1: Which Dance Step Is Appropriate?
Step 2: Who Leads? Who Follows?
Step 3: Cutting In
The Arts of Observation and Reflection
Keeping in Step (Taking Cues From the Dance-Master)
Communication Styles
How to Break Up Tensions in the Group—Introducing New Steps
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Exercise #1: Describe How You Would Facilitate
Exercise #2: Practice Observing a Meeting
Summary
Citations
25 Setting the Stage for Productive Meetings
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Productive and UNproductive Meetings: Gun Violence in Our Town
What This Technique Is About
Plan to Accommodate Attendees
Plan to Socialize
Plan a Team Culture Discussion
Plan the Agenda
Plan to Record Key Information
Plan for Interactive Activities
Room Set-Up
Prepare Yourself
Opening the Meeting
During the Meeting
Observing
Stay on Task
Conclude the Meeting: Agreements, Actions and Decisions
How to Carry Out This Technique
Planning
Open the Meeting
During the Meeting
Meeting Conclusion
Try It!
Summary
Citations
26 Listening Deeply
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Listening
What This Technique Is About
Removing the Barriers to Listening
Talking and Not Understanding
Biases
Distractions and Interruptions
Expectations
Presence
Eye Contact
Nonverbal Feedback
Ask Questions
Connection
How to Carry Out This Technique
Try It!
Summary
Citations
27 Observing the Action
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Observation of Participants
What This Technique Is About
Communication Across Cultures
How to Carry Out Observations of Participants
Practice Observing
Try It!
Exercise #1
Exercise #2
Summary
Citations
28 Asking Good Questions
What’s in This Chapter?
A Story About Asking Questions
What This Technique Is About
Why Do People Ask Questions?
Questioning and Teamwork
Asking Questions
Types of Questions
Questions Through the Change Process
Delivering Questions
Use Silence
Encourage Participation
Responding to Answers
How to Carry Out This Technique
Questions and Teamwork
Questions Throughout the Planning Cycle
Try It!
Summary
Citations
Citations for Studies Cited in the Story
29 Trouble on the Team
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About an Elephant in the Living Room
Let’s Ask the Key Question Again—What’s Happening Now?
Back to Our Story
What These Techniques Are About
What Is the Role of Conflict in Community Development?
How to Address the Problem of Conflict in a Healthy Way
What Are Some Typical Issues That Can Cause Conflict?
How to Carry Out These Techniques
Resolutions
Situational Blindness
Poor Communication
Try It!
The Scenario
What You Need to Do
Summary
Citations
Stage 5 Community Development
30 Choosing and Developing a Solution
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story: A New Librarian Comes to Town
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Who Should Be Involved?
Searching for Promising Practices or Interventions
Attributes of Promising Practices or Interventions
Team Decision Process
Gain Consensus for Group Commitment
Analyze Costs and Benefits
Matching Solutions to Causes
Design and Development
Evaluation
Try It!
Summary
Citations
31 Communication
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Communication as a Strategy
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out These Techniques
Guidelines for Emissary Work
Guidelines for Word-of-Mouth Promotion
Guidelines for Public Behaviors That Others Will Emulate
Guidelines for Sharing Ideas and Stories
Guidelines for Stories in the Local News Media
Guidelines for Communications in Print and Visuals
Guidelines for Communication in Social and Other Media
Guidelines for Reporting Results
Other Methods
Evaluating Communications
Try It!
Summary
Citations
32 Programs
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Program Intervention: Renew
What This Technique Is About
Creating Training
How to Carry Out This Technique
About the Learners
Analyzing the Content
The Lesson Plan for a Face-to-Face Training
Creating Job-Aids
Mentoring and Coaching
Try It!
Summary
Citations
33 Policy Change
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About the 3Rs Project—Reading Reduces Recidivism
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Who Should Be Involved?
What’s Happening Now?
Desired Outcomes
Information Seeking
Planning
Tell Your Story
Timing
Networking
Policy Enactment
Policy Evaluation
Try It!
Summary
Citations
34 Physical Environment
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Creating a Mountain Biking Trail
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Who Should Be Involved?
What’s Happening Now?
Desired Outcomes
Information Seeking
Planning
Try It!
Summary
Citations
35 Support
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Community Support
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Who Should Be Involved?
What’s Happening Now?
Desired Outcomes
Information Seeking
Planning the Support Group
Facilitation of Support Groups
Meetings
Getting the Word Out
Additional Support Materials
Implementing the Support Group
Evaluating the Support Group
Try It!
Summary
Citations
36 Monitoring and Managing Change
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Managing Change
What This Technique Is About
Get People Ready for Change
Monitor Progress
Implementation and Maintenance
Change Management
Risks
Quality
Report Results
How to Carry Out This Technique
Monitor Progress
Remove Obstacles
Build on the Change
Manage Risks
Manage Quality
Report Results
Try It!
Summary
Citations
Stage 6 Evaluation and Conclusion
37 Leadership, Sustainability and Renewal
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Mentorship for Leadership Development
What This Technique Is About
Preventing Rollback
Leadership for Organizational Renewal
Leadership Development
How to Carry Out This Technique
Sustaining the Change
Renewing the Organization
Leadership Development
Try It!
Summary
Citations
38 Evaluation
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Evaluation
What This Technique Is About
How to Carry Out This Technique
Who Should Be Involved?
Write the Questions
Select the Data Collection Method
Surveys
Interviews
Observations
Archival Records
Test the Survey, Interview or Observation Form
Prepare to Analyze the Data
Collect and Analyze Your Data
Report Results
Try It!
Summary
Citations
39 Disengagement: It’s Been Nice, but I Really Must Be Going
What’s in This Chapter?
Objectives
A Story About Disengaging From the Action
What This Technique Is About
When to Step Aside
How to Carry Out This Technique
How to Step Aside
When Objectives Are Complete
Formal Exit Meeting
The Agenda
Final Written Report
Reflection for Continued Professional Development
Try It!
Summary
Citations
Index