Lubricants and Lubricant Additives

✍ Scribed by OECD

• Publisher: OECD Publishing
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 119
• Series: OECD environmental health and safety publications. Series on emission scenario documents ; no. 10.
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns and release pathways of chemicals used in lubricants to assist in the estimation of releases of chemicals into the environment.

✦ Table of Contents

Explanatory Notes 5 1. Introduction and Overview of the Lubricant Industry 11 -1.1 Introduction 11 -1.2 Overview of the lubricant industry 12 2. Overview of Lubricants and their Additives 19 -2.1 Introduction 19 -2.2 Lubricant base fluids 20 -2.3 Additives24 -2.4 Lubricant categories 32 3. Release during Formulation of Additive Packages€40 -3.1 General 40 -3.2 The blending process 40 4. Composition of Lubricants in Use 42 -4.1 Introduction 42 -4.2 Automotive 42 -4.3 Hydraulic fluids 44 -4.4 Metalworking (cutting) fluids 47 5. Releases during Formulation of Lubricants 56 -5.1 General 56 -5.2 Emissions from plant during the blending process €57 -5.3 Summary 71 6. Automotive Lubricants and Additives 72 -6.1 Possible losses during use 72 -6.2 Frequency of dosage/renewal€72 -6.3 Form in which lubricant is discharged 73 -6.4 Concentration of chemical in discharge 76 -6.5 Volume of discharge --
fate in environment 76 -6.6 On-site waste treatment€79 -6.7 Example release calculation 79 7. Hydraulic Fluids and Additives 81 -7.1 Losses during use 81 -7.2 Frequency of dosage 81 -7.3 Form in which lubricant is discharged 83 -7.4 Concentration of chemical in discharge 83 -7.5 Volume of discharge 84 -7.6 On-site waste treatment€86 -7.7 Example release calculation€ 88 8. Metalworking Fluids and Additives 89 -8.1 Losses during use 89 -8.2 Frequency of dosage 90 -8.3 Form in which lubricant is discharged€91 -8.4 Concentration of chemical in discharge 92 -8.5 Volume of discharge€93 -8.6 Waste treatment for metal working fluids 96 -8.7 Example release calculations 99 9. Recycling of Lubricants 101 -9.1 Introduction101 -9.2 Recycling processes 102 -9.3 General comments 105 -9.4 Recycling of automotive crankcase lubricants 105 -9.5 Recycling of hydraulic fluids 106 -9.6 Recycling of cutting oils 107 10. References€109 -Table D1. Emission factors for crankcase oils and additives due to leakage 117 -Table D2. Vehicle flows by road class 117.

✦ Subjects

Euthenics;Nature and nurture;Adaptation (Biology);Ecology