Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Table of Exercises
Introduction
Why Become Linux Certified?
How to Become Certified
Who Should Buy This Book
How This Book Is Organized
Additional Study Tools
Conventions Used in This Book
The Exam Objectives
Exam 101-500 Objectives
101 System Architecture
102 Linux Installation and Package Management
103 GNU and Unix Commands
104 Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
Exam 102-500 Objectives
105 Shells, Scripting and Data Management
106 User Interfaces and Desktops
107 Administrative Tasks
108 Essential System Services
109 Networking Fundamentals
110 Security
Assessment Test
Answers to Assessment Test
Part I Exam 101-500
Chapter 1 Exploring Linux Command-Line Tools
Understanding Command-Line Basics
Discussing Distributions
Reaching a Shell
Exploring Your Linux Shell Options
Using a Shell
Using Environment Variables
Getting Help
Editing Text Files
Looking at Text Editors
Understanding vim Modes
Exploring Basic Text-Editing Procedures
Saving Changes
Processing Text Using Filters
File-Combining Commands
File-Transforming Commands
File-Formatting Commands
File-Viewing Commands
File-Summarizing Commands
Using Regular Expressions
Using grep
Understanding Basic Regular Expressions
Understanding Extended Regular Expressions
Using Streams, Redirection, and Pipes
Redirecting Input and Output
Piping Data between Programs
Using sed
Generating Command Lines
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 2 Managing Software and Processes
Looking at Package Concepts
Using RPM
RPM Distributions and Conventions
The rpm Command Set
Extracting Data from RPMs
Using YUM
Using ZYpp
Using Debian Packages
Debian Package File Conventions
The dpkg Command Set
Looking at the APT Suite
Using apt-cache
Using apt-get
Reconfiguring Packages
Managing Shared Libraries
Library Principles
Locating Library Files
Loading Dynamically
Library Management Commands
Managing Processes
Examining Process Lists
Employing Multiple Screens
Understanding Foreground and Background Processes
Managing Process Priorities
Sending Signals to Processes
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 3 Configuring Hardware
Configuring the Firmware and Core Hardware
Understanding the Role of Firmware
Device Interfaces
The /dev Directory
The /proc Directory
The /sys Directory
Working with Devices
Hardware Modules
Storage Basics
Types of Drives
Drive Partitions
Automatic Drive Detection
Storage Alternatives
Multipath
Logical Volume Manager
Using RAID Technology
Partitioning Tools
Working with fdisk
Working with gdisk
The GNU parted Command
Graphical Tools
Understanding Filesystems
The Virtual Directory
Maneuvering Around the Filesystem
Formatting Filesystems
Common Filesystem Types
Creating Filesystems
Mounting Filesystems
Manually Mounting Devices
Automatically Mounting Devices
Managing Filesystems
Retrieving Filesystem Stats
Filesystem Tools
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 4 Managing Files
Using File Management Commands
Naming and Listing Files
Exploring Wildcard Expansion Rules
Understanding the File Commands
Compressing File Commands
Archiving File Commands
Managing Links
Managing File Ownership
Assessing File Ownership
Changing a Fileβs Owner
Changing a Fileβs Group
Controlling Access to Files
Understanding Permissions
Changing a Fileβs Mode
Setting the Default Mode
Changing Special Access Modes
Locating Files
Getting to Know the FHS
Employing Tools to Locate Files
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 5 Booting, Initializing, and Virtualizing Linux
Understanding the Boot Process
The Boot Process
Extracting Information about the Boot Process
Looking at Firmware
The BIOS Startup
The UEFI Startup
Looking at Boot Loaders
Boot Loader Principles
Using GRUB Legacy as the Boot Loader
Using GRUB 2 as the Boot Loader
Adding Kernel Boot Parameters
Using Alternative Boot Loaders
The Initialization Process
Using the systemd Initialization Process
Exploring Unit Files
Focusing on Service Unit Files
Focusing on Target Unit Files
Looking at systemctl
Examining Special systemd Commands
Using the SysV Initialization Process
Understanding Runlevels
Investigating SysVinit Commands
Stopping the System
Notifying the Users
Virtualizing Linux
Looking at Virtual Machines
Understanding Containers
Looking at Infrastructure as a Service
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Part II Exam 102-500
Chapter 6 Configuring the GUI, Localization, and Printing
Understanding the GUI
Understanding the X11 Architecture
Examining X.Org
Figuring Out Wayland
Managing the GUI
Standard GUI Features
The X GUI Login System
Common Linux Desktop Environments
Providing Accessibility
Using X11 for Remote Access
Remote X11 Connections
Tunneling your X11 Connection
Using Remote Desktop Software
Viewing VNC
Grasping Xrdp
Exploring NX
Studying SPICE
Understanding Localization
Character Sets
Environment Variables
Setting Your Locale
Installation Locale Decisions
Changing Your Locale
Looking at Time
Working with Time Zones
Setting the Time and Date
Configuring Printing
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 7 Administering the System
Managing Users and Groups
Understanding Users and Groups
Configuring User Accounts
Configuring Groups
Managing Email
Understanding Email
Choosing Email Software
Working with Email
Using Log and Journal Files
Examining the syslog Protocol
Viewing the History of Linux Logging
Logging Basics Using rsyslogd
Journaling with systemd-journald
Maintaining the System Time
Understanding Linux Time Concepts
Viewing and Setting Time
Understanding the Network Time Protocol
Using the NTP Daemon
Using the chrony Daemon
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 8 Configuring Basic Networking
Networking Basics
The Physical Layer
The Network Layer
The Transport Layer
The Application Layer
Configuring Network Features
Network Configuration Files
Graphical Tools
Command-Line Tools
Getting Network Settings Automatically
Bonding Network Cards
Basic Network Troubleshooting
Sending Test Packets
Tracing Routes
Finding Host Information
Advanced Network Troubleshooting
The netstat Command
Examining Sockets
The netcat Utility
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 9 Writing Scripts
Shell Variables
Global Environment Variables
Local Environment Variables
Setting Local Environment Variables
Setting Global Environment Variables
Locating System Environment Variables
Using Command Aliases
The Basics of Shell Scripting
Running Multiple Commands
Redirecting Output
Piping Data
The Shell Script Format
Running the Shell Script
Advanced Shell Scripting
Displaying Messages
Using Variables in Scripts
Command-Line Arguments
Getting User Input
The Exit Status
Writing Script Programs
Command Substitution
Performing Math
Logic Statements
Loops
Functions
Running Scripts in Background Mode
Running in the Background
Running Multiple Background Jobs
Running Scripts Without a Console
Sending Signals
Interrupting a Process
Pausing a Process
Job Control
Viewing Jobs
Restarting Stopped Jobs
Running Like Clockwork
Scheduling a Job Using the at Command
Scheduling Regular Scripts
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Chapter 10 Securing Your System
Administering Network Security
Disabling Unused Services
Using Super Server Restrictions
Restricting via TCP Wrappers
Administering Local Security
Securing Passwords
Limiting root Access
Auditing User Access
Setting Login, Process, and Memory Limits
Locating SUID/SGID Files
Exploring Cryptography Concepts
Discovering Key Concepts
Securing Data
Signing Transmissions
Looking at SSH
Exploring Basic SSH Concepts
Configuring SSH
Generating SSH Keys
Authenticating with SSH Keys
Authenticating with the Authentication Agent
Tunneling
Using SSH Securely
Using GPG
Generating Keys
Importing Keys
Encrypting and Decrypting Data
Signing Messages and Verifying Signatures
Revoking a Key
Summary
Exam Essentials
Review Questions
Appendix Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 1: Exploring Linux Command-Line Tools
Chapter 2: Managing Software and Processes
Chapter 3: Configuring Hardware
Chapter 4: Managing Files
Chapter 5: Booting, Initializing, and Virtualizing Linux
Chapter 6: Configuring the GUI, Localization, and Printing
Chapter 7: Administering the System
Chapter 8: Configuring Basic Networking
Chapter 9: Writing Scripts
Chapter 10: Securing Your System
Index
EULA