Low temperature treatment of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana results in a rapid increase in the amount of mRNAs encoding for the major polypeptides of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (Lhcb1 genes). This increase is transient and seems to be due mainly to the accumulation of Lhcb1*3 transcripts, indicating that low temperature differentially regulates the expression of the Arabidopsis Lhcb1 gene family in the dark. A 1.34 kb fragment of the Lhcb1*3 promoter is sufficient to confer low temperature regulation to a reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings, suggesting that the regulation is occurring at the transcriptional level. The cold-induced accumulation of Lhcb1*3 mRNA is not part of a general response to stressful conditions since no accumulation is detected in response to water stress, anaerobiosis or salt stress. The amount of Lhcb1*3 mRNA decrease in response to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) suggesting that this phytohormone acts as a negative regulator. Moreover, the accumulation of Lhcb1*3 mRNAs in cold-treated ABA deficient etiolated seedlings is higher than that of wild-type and ABA insensitive etiolated seedlings, indicating that low temperature regulation of Lhcb1*3 is not mediated by ABA.