Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: A Systematic Review of Self-Esteem and Social Function

✍ Scribed by Harpin, V.; Mazzone, L.; Raynaud, J.-P.; Kahle, J.; Hodgkins, P.

• Book ID: 126969971
• Publisher: SAGE Publications
• Year: 2013
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 659 KB
• Volume: 20
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 1087-0547
• DOI: 10.1177/1087054713486516

✦ Synopsis

Objective: To compare the long-term self-esteem and social function outcomes of individuals with untreated and treated ADHD across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Method: A systematic search of 12 databases was performed to identify peer-reviewed, primary research articles, published January 1980 to December 2011, reporting long-term self-esteem and/or social function outcomes (≥2 years; life consequences distinct from symptoms) of individuals with untreated or treated ADHD. Results: Overall, 127 studies reported 150 outcomes. Most outcomes were poorer in individuals with untreated ADHD versus non-ADHD controls (57% [13/23] for self-esteem; 73% [52/71] for social function). A beneficial response to treatment (pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and multimodal treatments) was reported for the majority of self-esteem (89% [8/9]) and social function (77% [17/22]) outcomes. Conclusion: Untreated ADHD was associated with poorer long-term self-esteem and social function outcomes compared with non-ADHD controls. Treatment for ADHD was associated with improvement in outcomes; however, further long-term outcome studies are needed.