Long-Term Ecosystem Changes in Riparian Forests (Ecological Research Monographs)

✍ Scribed by Hitoshi Sakio (editor)

Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Tongue: English
Leaves: 234
Category: Library

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

This open access book presents and analyzes the results of more than 30 years of long-term ecological research in riparian forest ecosystems with the aim of casting light on changes in the dynamics of riparian forests over time. The research, focusing on the Ooyamazawa riparian forest, one of the remaining old-growth forests in Japan, has yielded a number of interesting outcomes. First, it shows that large-scale disturbances afford various trees opportunities for regeneration and are thus the driving force for the coexistence of canopy trees in riparian forests. Second, it identifies changes in reproductive patterns, highlighting that seed production has in fact quantitatively increased over the past two decades. Third, it describes the decline in forest floor vegetation caused by deer grazing and reveals how this decline has affected bird and insect populations. The book illustrates the interconnectedness of phenomena within an ecosystem and the resultant potential for cascade effects and also stresses the need for long-term ecological studies of climate change impacts on forests. It will be of interest to both professionals and academics in the field of forest science.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: The Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest: Introduction and Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of Long-Term Research in the Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest
1.3 Site Description
1.4 Climate Characteristics in the Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest
1.4.1 Air Temperature
1.4.2 Relative Air Humidity
1.4.3 Precipitation
1.5 Geology, Topography, Natural Disturbances, and Soils
1.6 Vegetation
1.7 History of the Ground Design of the Research Plot
References
Part II: Life History and Regeneration Processes of Riparian Woody Species
Chapter 2: Fraxinus platypoda
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Study Species
2.3 Reproductive Traits
2.3.1 Flower
2.3.2 Seed Production
2.4 Germination
2.5 Seedling Survival
2.6 Seedling Growth
2.7 Forest Structure and Spatial Distribution
2.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Pterocarya rhoifolia
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study Species
3.3 Reproductive Characteristics
3.4 Structure and Distribution
3.5 Seedling Regeneration
3.6 Sprouting Traits
3.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Cercidiphyllum japonicum
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Species
4.3 Structure and Distribution
4.4 Reproductive Traits
4.4.1 Flower
4.4.2 Seed Production
4.5 Seedling Regeneration
4.5.1 Seedling Emergence
4.5.2 Seedling Survival
4.6 Sprouts
4.6.1 Structure of Multi-Stemmed Trunks
4.6.2 Self-Maintenance by Sprouting
4.6.3 Sprouting Traits of C. japonicum and C. magnificum
4.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Acer Tree Species
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Study Species
5.3 Structure and Distribution
5.3.1 Abundance and Structure of Four Acer Species
5.3.2 Spatial Distribution of Four Acer Species
5.4 Sprouting Traits
5.5 Conclusion
References
Part III: Diversity and Coexistence in Riparian Forests
Chapter 6: Diversity of Herbaceous Plants in the Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Comparison of Species Richness Among Different Deciduous Forest Corresponding to Slope Segment
6.3 Relationships Between Landforms and Life Type Composition in the Forest Floor Vegetation
6.4 How Do the Herbaceous Plants React to Micro-Ground Disturbance?
6.4.1 Three Different Perennial Plants
6.4.2 Micro-disturbance on Small Landslide Site in Lower Side Slope
6.4.3 Stem Elongation and Leaf Formation Pattern of Three Herbs
6.4.4 Adaptation to Micro-disturbance
References
Chapter 7: Coexistence of Tree Canopy Species
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Seed Production
7.3 Seedling Germination and Growth
7.3.1 Germination Sites
7.3.2 Seedling Shade Tolerance
7.3.3 Seedling Water Tolerance
7.4 Sprouting
7.5 Forest Structure
7.5.1 Size Structure
7.5.2 Spatial Distribution and Age Structure
7.6 Coexistence Mechanisms of the Three Species
7.7 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Ecosystem Changes in Riparian Forests
Chapter 8: Changes in Vegetation in the Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Increase in Sika Deer Population and the Change in the Structure of an Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest
8.3 Changes in Coverage and Number of Species Over 34 Years
8.4 Changes in Species Composition
8.5 Ecological Characteristics of Forest Floor Vegetation After Deer Impact
8.5.1 Toxic Plants
8.5.2 Small Herb Species that do not Increase in Plant Height
8.5.3 Perennial Herbs in Which the Aerial Portion Withers Until the Summer and Enters Yearly Dormancy at an Early Date
8.6 Conservation of Species Diversity Within the Forest Floor Vegetation
References
Chapter 9: Temporal Changes in Browsing Damage by Sika Deer in a Natural Riparian Forest in Central Japan
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest
9.3 Increase in Deer Density Around Ooyamazawa
9.4 Temporal Changes in Browsing Damage
9.5 Species and Size Preferences, and Mortality
9.6 Resistance of Trees to Deer Browsing
9.7 Effective Management of Ooyamazawa
References
Chapter 10: Characteristics and Temporal Trends of a Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Community in Ooyamazawa Riparian Fo...
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Study Site and Methods
10.3 Carabid Community Diversity and Distinctness
10.4 Trends in Carabid Abundance and Biomass
10.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Avifauna at Ooyamazawa: Decline of Birds that Forage in Bushy Understories
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Characteristics of Avifauna at Ooyamazawa
11.2.1 Effects of Topography and Climate on Bird Fauna
11.2.2 Effect of Stream Noise on Bird Fauna
11.3 Decrease of Bird Species that Feed in Bushes
References
Part V: Conclusion
Chapter 12: General Conclusion
12.1 Research at Ooyamazawa Riparian Forest Research Site
12.2 Tree Life Histories and Dynamics
12.3 Plant Species Coexistence
12.4 Effects of Global Warming on Tree Reproduction
12.5 Sika Deer Browsing and Riparian Forest Ecosystems
12.5.1 Understory Vegetation and Tree Species
12.5.2 Avifauna
12.5.3 Ground Beetle Community
12.5.4 Cascade Effects of Sika Deer Browsing
12.6 Conservation of Riparian Forest Ecosystems
12.7 Future Directions
References
Index

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