Logic, Language and Meaning

✍ Scribed by Aloni, Maria(Editor);Bastiaanse, Harald;Jager, Tikitu de;Schulz, Katrin

Publisher: Springer Nature
Year: 2010;2013
Tongue: English
Leaves: 484
Category: Library

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

The 2009 edition of the Amsterdam Colloquium was the 17th in a series which started in 1976. The Amsterdam Colloquia aim at bringing together linguists, philosophers, logicians and computer scientists who share an interest in the f- mal study of the semantics and pragmatics of natural and formal languages. Originally an initiative of the Department of Philosophy, the colloquium is now organized by the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (illc)ofthe University of Amsterdam. These proceedings contain revised extended abstracts of most of the articles presented at the 17th Amsterdam Colloquium. The ?rst section containsextended abstractsof the talks givenby the invited speakers of the general program. The second, third and fourth sections contain invited and submitted contributions to the three thematic workshops that were hosted by the colloquium: the workshoponImplicature and Grammar organized by Maria Aloni and Katrin Schulz; the workshop on Natural Logic organized by Jan van Eijck; and the workshop on Vagueness, organized by Robert van Rooij and Frank Veltman. The ?nal section consists of the submitted contributions to the general program. For the organization of the 17th Amsterdam Colloquium ?nancial support was received from: the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (knaw); the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (illc); thenwo-funded project 'Ind- inites and Beyond: Evolutionary pragmatics and typological semantics' (co- dinator: Maria Aloni); the nwo-funded project 'Vagueness - and how to be precise enough' (coordinators: Robert van Rooij and Frank Veltman); and the Municipality of Amsterdam. This support is gratefully acknowledged.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Front matter......Page 2
Introduction......Page 11
Perspective Taking in Semantics and Pragmatics......Page 12
A Bidirectional Account of Pronoun Interpretation......Page 13
A Cognitive Model of Pronoun Interpretation......Page 14
Testing the Cognitive Model Experimentally......Page 16
Partial Word Order Freezing......Page 17
Embodied Semantics......Page 18
References......Page 20
Introduction: The World Color Survey......Page 21
Feature Extraction......Page 22
Dimensionality Reduction......Page 25
Convexity in the CIELab Space......Page 26
References......Page 30
Introduction......Page 31
Review of Quantificational Variability Effect (QVE)......Page 32
Three Observations about Quantificational CQs......Page 33
First Step towards an Analysis......Page 36
A Fourth Observation and a Second, Promisory Step......Page 39
References......Page 40
Fodor's Readings......Page 42
Summative Reports......Page 45
Modals, Tense, and Aspect......Page 47
Split Quantifiers......Page 48
References......Page 51
Introduction......Page 52
Data......Page 53
Methods......Page 54
Exclamatives and Anti-exclamatives......Page 55
Affective Demonstratives......Page 56
(Un)Marked Forms and Meanings......Page 58
References......Page 60
Theories of Scalar Implicatures: Globalism vs. Localism......Page 63
Geurts and Pouscoulous' Results......Page 64
Our Experimental Design......Page 65
Experimental Items......Page 66
Results and Interpretation......Page 67
Experimental Items......Page 69
Results......Page 70
References......Page 71
The Deviance of $Wh$-Question Disjunctions......Page 73
The Semantics of $Wh$-Question Disjunctions......Page 74
Non-deviant $Wh$-Question Disjunctions......Page 75
Computing Local and Global Implicatures: Explaining the PS Property of $Wh$-Disjunctions......Page 78
References......Page 82
Bidimensional vs. Unidimensional Analyses......Page 84
The Possibility of High Syntactic Attachment......Page 86
Ellipsis......Page 87
Weak Crossover Effects......Page 88
The Similarity between NRRs and Clausal Parentheticals......Page 89
Subjunctive......Page 90
NPI Licensing......Page 92
References......Page 93
Natural Logic......Page 94
Objections to Natural Logic......Page 96
The Aristotle Boundary......Page 98
The Force of Decidability......Page 100
References......Page 102
Indexing Logical Form......Page 104
Approaching Entailment......Page 107
The Generator: From Flat Logical Form to Sentences......Page 109
Conclusion......Page 112
References......Page 113
Introduction......Page 114
A Natural Logic Tableau System......Page 115
Boolean Rules......Page 116
Rules for Monotonic Operators......Page 117
Other Rules Connected to Algebraic Properties......Page 118
Rules for Determiners......Page 120
Further Rules......Page 121
References......Page 122
Introduction......Page 124
The Syllogistic Fragments and Tree-Shaped Questions......Page 125
Resolution Saturations and Data Complexity......Page 127
Conclusions......Page 132
References......Page 133
Introduction......Page 134
From Syllogistics to Propositional Logic......Page 135
Relations......Page 137
A natural' Fragment of Predicate Logic......Page 140 References......Page 141 Semantics for DP-Comparatives......Page 143 Semantics for CP-Comparatives......Page 144 Internal Semantics and Interval Semantics......Page 146 Appendix: Compositional Derivation of Comparative Relations......Page 151 References......Page 152 Introduction......Page 153 Sorites and Appropriate Contexts......Page 154 Contexts for Temporal Extent......Page 155 Contexts as Strings......Page 158 Conclusion......Page 161 References......Page 162 Introduction......Page 163 A Free Variable Theory of Scalar Adjectives......Page 164 Communication under Uncertainty......Page 165 Conclusions......Page 170 References......Page 171 Disagreements over Taste......Page 173 A New Proposal......Page 174 The Personal Ingredient......Page 175 Restricted Generalizations: Synthesis of the Personal and General......Page 176 The Consequences of Restricted Quantification over Tastes......Page 178 References......Page 181 Introduction......Page 183 Informal Outline of the Argument......Page 184 Towards a Formal Development of the Argument......Page 186 The Advantage of Allowing Borderline Cases......Page 187 The Advantage of Degrees and Ranking......Page 188 Discussion......Page 189 References......Page 192 Introduction......Page 193 Background Assumptions......Page 195 Meaning of Temporal Location Adverbs......Page 197 Meaning of ‘now’......Page 199 References......Page 201 Languages......Page 203 Definition of ⇒_......Page 204 Examples......Page 205 Defining Extraction......Page 206 Facts about C_ in the Bolzano Setting......Page 207 Extra Symbols......Page 208 Expansions......Page 209 General Consequence Relations......Page 210 Galois Connection for Copies......Page 211 References......Page 212 Cumulativity and Modified Numerals......Page 213 Modified Numerals as Post-Suppositions......Page 214 Post-Suppositions......Page 216 Universal Quantifiers......Page 218 Implicatures......Page 219 Modals and Modified Numerals......Page 220 Conclusion......Page 221 References......Page 222 Introduction......Page 223 Schein's Argument as Presented in Kratzer......Page 225 Modeling Cumulative $every$ without Events......Page 227 Mixed Cumulative-Distributive Readings......Page 229 Conclusion......Page 230 References......Page 231 Plan......Page 233 Menu......Page 234 Modal Analyses......Page 235 Dynamic Analyses......Page 236 Restricting Force......Page 237 Second Pass......Page 238 Information-Sensitive Ordering Semantics......Page 239 Sequencing......Page 240 References......Page 242 Propositional Inquisitive Semantics......Page 244 The Maximality Problem......Page 247 A First-Order Inquisitive Semantics......Page 249 Conclusions......Page 252 References......Page 253 Epistemic Modalities......Page 254 Optimal Inquisitive Discourse......Page 256 Epistemic Modality in Discourse......Page 258 Questions and Beliefs about Modality......Page 261 Conclusion......Page 262 References......Page 263 Introduction......Page 264 What Is Relative Comparison?......Page 265 Theoretical Consequences......Page 271 References......Page 273 Introduction......Page 274 Data......Page 275 Background Assumptions......Page 278 Distributivity in Cumulative Readings......Page 279 Reciprocal Sentences......Page 280 Conclusion......Page 282 References......Page 283 Linking: Troubles and a Vision......Page 284 Linking Logic......Page 285 Easy Linking Semantics......Page 288 Saturation of Arguments......Page 289 Functional Shifting of Arguments......Page 291 References......Page 293 Introduction......Page 294 Proposal: Highlighting of Causation......Page 295 Aspectual Properties of the Verbal Bases......Page 297 Aspectual Inheritance vs. Aspectual Shift......Page 298 Grammatical Aspect in Nominalizations......Page 299 Transitive-Unaccusative and Transitive Bases Selected by Both -$age/-ée$......Page 301 Nominalization of Unaccusative Verbs without Transitive Counterparts......Page 302 References......Page 303 Free Choice Disjunctions and Game Theory......Page 305 Interpretation Games as Context Models......Page 306 Iterated Best Response Reasoning......Page 309 IBR Reasoning: The Bigger Picture......Page 312 References......Page 314 Introduction......Page 315 Informal Introduction......Page 316 Formal Semantics......Page 317 A Logic for Iconic Spaces......Page 319 Interaction between Gestures and Plurals......Page 321 Gestures in the Space-Time......Page 322 References......Page 324 The Data......Page 325 Previous Proposals......Page 326 Cormack and Smith (2002)......Page 327 Neutral and Polar Modals......Page 328 Deontic Modals and Negation......Page 330 Deontic Modals and Negative DPs......Page 332 Conclusion and Discussion......Page 333 References......Page 334 Introduction......Page 335 Extending the Symmetry between Projection and Attachment......Page 336 Basics......Page 337 Simple Experimental Evidence......Page 338 The Attachment Principle......Page 340 One How and Two Whys......Page 341 Conclusion......Page 343 References......Page 344 Introduction......Page 345 Incomplete Propositions......Page 346 Subjectivity vs. Objectivity......Page 347 Previous Analyses......Page 349 AOCs......Page 350 Judge Shifting......Page 351 Analysis......Page 352 Conclusion......Page 353 References......Page 354 First Puzzle: Minimum Requirements......Page 355 Second Puzzle: Maximum Requirements......Page 356 Modal Force......Page 357 Towards an Analysis: Restricting the Modal Base......Page 359 Modified Numerals......Page 361 To Conclude......Page 363 References......Page 364 Introduction......Page 365 BECOME and $again$......Page 367 Degree Achievements and $again$......Page 369 References......Page 373 Equatives and MPs......Page 374 Background Assumptions......Page 376 Equatives......Page 377 MPs and Scalar Implicatures......Page 378 A More Sensitive Semantics......Page 379 Expansions and Extensions......Page 380 References......Page 383 Introduction: Focus Semantic Values and Context Sets......Page 384 Squiggle Placement......Page 386 Benefits of Our Account......Page 387 Intensionality......Page 389 References......Page 392 Preliminaries: Basic Assumptions and Data......Page 394 Inquisitive Semantics......Page 396 Focus and Highlighting......Page 398 Closure and Suggestions......Page 401 References......Page 403 Introduction......Page 405 Singular Count Noun Denotations May Be Contextually Determined......Page 406 Count Noun Denotations......Page 407 Operations Which Are Not Sensitive to the Count/Mass Distinction......Page 410 Operations Which Distinguish between Mass and Count Nouns......Page 411 Formal Atomicity, Natural Atomicity and Semantic Atomicity......Page 413 References......Page 414 The Problem......Page 415 E-Type Approaches......Page 416 Dynamic Approaches......Page 417 The Complexity of the Debate......Page 418 Pronouns in Sign Language......Page 419 The Importance of Bishop Sentences......Page 420 Standard Cases......Page 422 Anaphora to Negative Quantifiers......Page 423 References......Page 424 The Friendly Particle......Page 426 $ruhig$ and Modal Concord (Grosz [2009a, 2009b])......Page 427 Addenda for Modal Concord......Page 428 Problems with Modal Concord......Page 429 Conditions on $ruhig$......Page 431 The $must$-Problem......Page 433 Conclusions......Page 434 References......Page 435 Introduction......Page 436 A Contradiction Based Account......Page 437 Gradable Predicates, Degree Phrases, and Monotonicity......Page 438 $Noch So$ and Contradictory Presuppositions......Page 439 But the Lahirian Presupposition Is Not Right......Page 440 Presupposing Downward Montonicity......Page 441 Back to Polarity Sensitivity......Page 443 References......Page 445 Introduction: Plain Causes and Reasons......Page 446 A DRT Semantics forBecause of'......Page 447
because of' vs.because' in Epistemic Modal Contexts......Page 452
References......Page 454
The Problem......Page 456
Previous Treatments......Page 457
The Decomposition of $much$......Page 458
Applied to $much$ Support and $more$ Comparatives......Page 462
The Infelicity of Bare $much$......Page 463
References......Page 465
Introduction......Page 466
Quantifier Verification Model......Page 467
Materials and Procedure......Page 468
Sentence Verification Task......Page 470
Memory Task......Page 471
Discussion......Page 472
References......Page 474
Introduction......Page 475
Event-Internal Plurality......Page 476
Grounding Phases......Page 477
On Phases and Minimal Units......Page 480
References......Page 482
Back matter......Page 484

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