Logic

✍ Scribed by Alexander Pfänder

• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Year: 2009
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 454
• Series: Realistische Phänomenologie / Realist Phenomenology; 3
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Alexander Pfänder's classical phenomenological logic, a masterwork of unmatched clarity, is presented here for the first time in English. The book unfolds the general essence of logic, its object, not acts of thinking but objective "thoughts", meanings and higher unities formed by them: the nature and kinds (1) of judgments (propositions) and their truth and truth claims, (2) of concepts, and (3) of inferences; (4) the first foundational principles of logic (the principles of identity, contradiction, excluded middle, and sufficient reason) and of valid inferences, their foundation in ontological principles, as well as the valid forms of reasoning recognized in traditional logic and the reasons of their validity. Being a new phenomenological exposition of traditional logic, it reduces the symbolic language used to a minimum in order to concentrate on the logical meanings and laws themselves for which these symbols are signs.

✦ Table of Contents

CONTENTS
In Memoriam Dr. Don Ferrari
Translator’s Introduction
Introduction
1. Object and Purpose of Logic
2. Traditional Logic
3. Psychologism
4. Logic and Epistemology
5. Logic and Phenomenology
6. Overview of the Following
Part OneThe Theory of the Judgment
FIRST CHAPTER Preliminary Considerations
1. The Judgment and the Sentence
2. The Difference between Sentence and Judgment
3. The Relationship between the Judgment and the Assertive Sentence
4. The Judgment and the State of Affairs
5. The Supposition of the Sentence
SECOND CHAPTER
Essence and Structure of the Judgment
1. Essential Components of the Judgment
2. The Copula-Function
THIRD CHAPTER Objects, States of Affairs, and Judgments
1. The Judgment and the Domain of Objects
2. Division of Judgments According to the Kinds of States of AffairsPosited
FOURTH CHAPTER Existential and Impersonal Judgments
1. The Existential Judgment
2. The So–Called Impersonal or Subjectless Sentences
FIFTH CHAPTER The Judgment and Its Claim to Truth
SIXTH CHAPTER The So-Called Quality of the Judgment
SEVENTH CHAPTER The So-Called Modality of the Judgment
EIGHTH CHAPTER The So-Called Relation of the Judgment
NINTH CHAPTER The So-Called Quantity of the Judgment and the Possible Forms of theJudgment
TENTH CHAPTERTemporal Determination in the Judgment and the ComprehensiveDefinition of the Judgment
1. Temporal Determination in the Judgment.
2. Comprehensive General Definition of the Judgment
Part TwoThe Theory of the Concept
[General Remarks]
FIRST CHAPTER Concepts, Words, Objects
SECOND CHAPTER Content of a Concept
THIRD CHAPTER Individual-, Species-, and Genus-Concepts
FOURTH CHAPTER General Concepts
FIFTH CHAPTER The Extension of a Concept — Content and Extension
Content and Extension of a Concept
SIXTH CHAPTER Concrete and Abstract Concepts
SEVENTH CHAPTER The Definition of Concepts
EIGHTH CHAPTER Purely Functioning Concepts
NINTH CHAPTER Logically Distinct Kinds of Object-Concepts
1. Nominative or Substantive Concepts
2. Supplemental Concepts
TENTH CHAPTER Relational Concepts
ELEVENTH CHAPTER SummaryLaws for the Formation of Concepts and Judgmentsand The Special Function of Concepts in the Judgment
The Laws for the Composition of the Concept and the Judgment
Possible and Necessary Components of the Judgment
The Special Function of Concepts in the Judgment
PART THREE The First Principles of Logic
[General Remarks]
FIRST CHAPTER The Principle of Identity
1. The Logical Sense of the Principle of Identity
2. The Broadening of the Principle of Identity and Analytical Judgments
SECOND CHAPTER The Principle of Contradiction
1. The General Principle of Contradiction
2. The Special Principle of Contradiction
THIRD CHAPTER The Principle of Excluded Middle
The Principle of Contradictory Disjunction
FOURTH CHAPTER The Principle of Sufficient Reason
Special Form of the Principle of Sufficient Reason
FIFTH CHAPTERThe First Principles of Logic as Principles about the Truth and Falsityof Judgments
PART FOUR The Theory of Inferences
Remarks Concerning Inferences in General
A. THE THEORY OF IMMEDIATE INFERENCES
[General Remarks]
FIRST CHAPTER Immediate Inferences Involving Judgments of Different Quantity
1. Inferences between Single and Plural Judgments
2. Inferences between Singular, Particular, and Universal Judgments:Subalternation
3. Inferences between Individual and Species Judgments
4. Inferences between Solitary and Collective Judgments
SECOND CHAPTER Immediate Inferences Involving Judgments of Different Quality:Opposition
THIRD CHAPTER Immediate Inferences Involving Judgments of Different Modality:Inferences of Modal Consequence
FOURTH CHAPTER Immediate Inferences Involving Judgments of Different Relation:Inferences Involving Change of Relation
FIFTH CHAPTER Immediate Inferences by Reversal of Judgments:Conversion and Contraposition
SIXTH CHAPTER Immediate Inferences of Equipollence
SEVENTH CHAPTER Materially Conditioned or Nonformal Immediate Inferences
EIGHTH CHAPTER Immediate Inferences through the Drawing Out of Judgments Impliedin a Judgment
B. THE THEORY OF INDIRECT INFERENCES
General Remarks
FIRST CHAPTER The Traditional Theory of the Syllogism
SECOND CHAPTER The Shortcoming of Traditional Syllogistic Theory
THIRD CHAPTER The Drawing of Indirect Inferences from Two Categorical Premises
FOURTH CHAPTER The Structure of Categorical Syllogisms
1. The “Generality” of the Major Premises in the First Two Figures
2. The Syllogism as the Logical Grounding, and the Mere TruthCorrelation, of Judgments
3. The Relationship of the Truth and Falsity of the Premises to the Truthand Falsity of the Conclusion
4. Some Inferential Mistakes
5. Compound Categorical Inferences
FIFTH CHAPTER Indirect Inferences Using Hypothetical and Disjunctive Judgments
A. Hypothetical Syllogisms
B. Disjunctive Inferences
SIXTH CHAPTER The Modality of Indirect Inferences
SEVENTH CHAPTER Deductive and Inductive Inferences
EIGHTH CHAPTER The Analogical Inference
NINTH CHAPTER Materially Conditioned or Nonformal Indirect Inferences
INDEX