Localization of androgen receptor mRNA-containing cells in avian respiratory-vocal nuclei: Anin situ hybridization study
✍ Scribed by Gahr, M. ;Wild, J. M.
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 344 KB
- Volume
- 33
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0022-3034
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✦ Synopsis
Song development and song pattern expressed in any of the respiratory-vocal nuclei of the formation in oscine songbirds are influenced by stemidbrain or hindbrain, but ARmRNA was expressed roid hormones such as estrogens and androgens, and in the tracheosyringeal motor nucleus (nXIIts) and in the control of vocal pattern generation is mediated RAm and rVRG. The size of the ARmRNA defined via a network of interconnected vocal and respiratory RAm and rVRG was similar in male and female zebra nuclei. The main components of the respiratory part finches, but the size of ARmRNA defined nXIIts was of the network are the expiratory and inspiratory preslightly sexual dimorphic. Previously undescribed motor nuclei, known as retroambigualis (RAm) and areas of ARmRNA expression outside the respiratorythe rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG), respecvocal network in the brain stem were the nucleus semitively. These respiratory components play an integral lunaris and layers 10-12 of the optic tectum. ARrole in song production either by providing the expira-mRNA expression in the respiratory-vocal nuclei of tory pulses of air required for each and every song adult male songbirds, adult female zebra finches, and syllable, or by controlling inspiration between syllajuvenile zebra finches suggests that the temporal patbles in the form of minibreaths, and between phrases tern of learned and unlearned vocalizations is sensitive for major replenishments of air. Here we analyze the to androgen-dependent mechanisms mediated by distribution of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen RAm and rVRG. ᭧ 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol receptors (ER) in the midbrain and hindbrain of male 33: 865-876, 1997 and female zebra finches, and male canaries and green