Abstract
Spontaneous and stimulated lipid peroxidation (LPO) after vanadate and magnesium treatment was studied in kidney supernatants obtained from outbred 5‐month‐old, albino male Wistar rats. The 2‐month‐old animals daily received: group I (control), deionized water to drink; group II, water solution of sodium metavanadate, NaVO~3~ (SMV, 0.125 mg V ml^−1^); group III, water solution of magnesium sulfate, MgSO~4~ (MS, 0.06 mg Mg ml^−1^); and group IV, water solution of SMV‐MS at the same concentrations as in groups II and III for V and Mg, respectively, over a 12‐week period. FeSO~4~, NaVO~3~ and MgSO~4~ were selected as agents that may modify LPO process in in vitro conditions. Spontaneous malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in kidney supernatants increased significantly in the rats in groups II and IV, compared with groups I and III; and they were also significantly higher in all the groups of rats compared with the liver supernatants. The total antioxidant status (TAS) in groups II and IV tended to be higher too. Vanadium concentration in the kidney of the rats in groups II and IV increased, whereas the kidney Mg content in groups II, III and IV decreased, compared with levels in the liver. As the two‐way ANOVA indicated, the changes in the basal MDA level, TAS and Mg concentration in the liver of rats at combined V and Mg application only resulted from independent action of V. As far as the in vitro results are concerned, in the supernatants obtained from the rats in groups II and IV, a significant increase in MDA level was demonstrated in the presence of 30 µm of exogenous FeSO~4~ as well as 30, 100, 200 and 400 µm NaVO~3~ and 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 µm MgSO~4~, compared with groups I and III. The 600, 800 and 1000 µm of exogenous MgSO~4~ also significantly elevated MDA production in the supernatants obtained from the rats in group III, compared with spontaneously formed MDA in the same supernatants. The three‐way ANOVA showed that the changes in LPO induced by in vitro treatment of kidney supernatants with exogenous Fe or V or Mg (600, 800 and 1000 µm) were a consequence of independent action of those metals and they also resulted from the interactions between exogenous Fe (Fe~exog~) and endogenous V (V~end~) and between V~end~ and exogenous V (V~exog~). In conclusion, V (as NaVO~3~) consumed by the rats with drinking water at a dose of 12.9 mg V kg^−1^ b.w. per 24 h for 12 weeks increased the basal LPO and markedly enhanced TAS in the renal tissue. Its pro‐oxidant potential was also found in in vitro conditions. The Mg dose (6 mg Mg kg^−1^ b.w. per 24 h) ingested by the rats together with V (12.7 mg V kg^−1^ b.w. per 24 h) neither reduced nor intensified the spontaneous LPO, compared with V‐only intoxicated animals; however, the stimulating effect of Mg on LPO was revealed in in vitro conditions.