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19s REVIEWS at 3,500 m depth in the axis of the North Atlantic Deep Water Current, and 12.5 cm/sec both at 3,750 and 4,000 m depth in the axis of the Antarctic Bottom Current are of such magnitude as to give special point to the hope that it may soon be possible to use the Swallow technique at critical points in these South Atlantic profiles. It is known that Wust finds great satisfaction in the almost exact correspondence of the speed (23 mi in 66 hr) measured by Swallow in the south-moving North Atlantic Deep Water under the Gulf Stream, and the value of 17.4 cm/sec which he (Wust) computed for the speed of the same water only seven degrees north of the equator. Since Wust's computations depend greatly upon his use o f ' Defant's reference level,' which is the depth at which little or no horizontal movement should exist, but above and below which the water should move north and south respectively, they derive noteworthy support from the fact that Swallow's results beneath the Gulf Stream reveal a level of no movement between 4,500 and 6,000 ft depth, with pronounced southgoing flow beneath. The mass water movements having been computed by Wust across the closed Meteor' sections VIII, VI, I1 and IV, he found in the volume transports involved a quantitative explanation of the stratification differences existing as between the opposite sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Furthermore his transport computations, based upon acceptance of Defant's reference level, surprised him by revealing the existence of two additional levels of negligible or nil motion nearly corresponding with the depth boundaries between the water masses of the North Atlantic Deep Current, the Antarctic Bottom Current, and an Antarctic Bottom Counter Current present in the greatest depths of the Argentine/Brazil Basin.Wust's results set out in this very valuable report show very markedly that in the Atlantic Ocean between 5"s and 35"s there is a westwards intensification of the water exchange which puts its stamp upon the stratification across the whole breadth of the ocean.During recent crossings of the Atlantic Ocean by the Woods Hole research vessel Crawford, stations in 16"s latitude were worked at closer intervals (33 stations instead of 22) than on the ' Meteor ' Expedition, but the inferences as to transport would be virtually the same. Despite great differences in sense and volume as between the transports on opposite sides of the mid-Atlantic Ridge, the overall N-S balance across the full width of the ocean should, of course, be zero. It is accordingly of great interest to see that (in units of 10' ms sec-') the computed southerly transport between 1,400 and 4,000 metres depth (25.6) tallies almost exactly with the sum of the values 22.8 and 3.0 which relate respectively to north-moving water above and below. J.N.C.
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