Introduction
Organization
Contents
6th International School on Tool-Based Rigorous Engineering of Software Systems
STRESS
Introduction
References
An Introduction to Graphical Modeling of CI/CD Workflows with Rig
1 Introduction
2 Continuous Integration and Deployment
3 TodoMVC
4 Programming a CI/CD Workflow
5 Rig
6 Modeling a CI/CD Workflow in Rig
7 Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Pyrus: An Online Modeling Environment for No-Code Data-Analytics Service Composition*-8pt
1 Introduction
2 Concept
3 Metamodel
3.1 Function Interface Storage
3.2 Process
3.3 Function
3.4 Constant
3.5 SubProcess
4 Semantics
4.1 SubProcess Component
4.2 Function Component
5 Type System
5.1 Classification
5.2 Data Types
5.3 Type Inference
6 Usage
6.1 Function Discovery
6.2 Modeling
6.3 Execution
7 Tutorial
8 Related Approaches
8.1 MaramaEML
8.2 ETI, Bio-jETI
8.3 Taverna
8.4 Kepler
8.5 SDLTool
8.6 Azure ML Studio, Google Cloud ML and AWS ML
8.7 RapidMiner Studio
9 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Integrating External Services in DIME
1 Introduction
2 The Digital Thread Platform in DIME
2.1 The Current Architecture
2.2 Low Code and DSLs
3 Integration in DIME: A Quick Tutorial
3.1 Runtime Infrastructure
3.2 SIB Declaration
3.3 SIB Implementation
4 Case Studies: The R Platform and REST Services
4.1 R Integration as Platform Integration
4.2 RESTful Extension as Service Integration
5 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Asking Why
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
2.1 Today’s Challenges of Organizations
2.2 Today’s Internal Knowledge Management Challenges
3 Case Study GDPR
3.1 Typical GDPR Solutions in Practice
3.2 Why-Based Quality Analysis
3.3 Why-Based Solution Proposal
4 Why-Based Alignment
5 Conclusion
References
Industrial Track
Formal Methods for a Digital Industry
1 Introduction
2 Contributions
2.1 Software-Enabled Business Engineering
2.2 Simulation-Based Testing of Software for Autonomous Systems
2.3 Domain-Specific Languages for the Industry 4.0
2.4 Applications of Machine Learning in Software Engineering
References
Agile Business Engineering: From Transformation Towards Continuous Innovation
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
2.1 Business Engineering
2.2 Agile Software Engineering
2.3 Parallels, Differences, and Potentials
3 Method
4 Interview Results
5 Implications
6 Reflections
7 Conclusion, Limitations, and Outlook
References
Towards Living Canvases
1 Introduction
2 State of the Art
2.1 Today’s Use and Application of Canvases
2.2 The Risk Standard as an Add-on Perspective
3 Method
4 The Use Case: The AI-ETA Service
4.1 Introducing the Silicon Economy Project
4.2 The AI-ETA Service
4.3 Workshop Execution
4.4 Workshop Results
5 Lessons Learned and Implications
5.1 Canvas Enhanced by Tool-Support
5.2 Required IT-Basis and Fundamental Aspects for a Technical Specification
6 Conclusion, Limitations and Outlook
References
Use Cases for Simulation in the Development of Automated Driving Systems
1 Introduction
1.1 Developing an Automated Driving System
1.2 Simulation and Its Usage
1.3 Scope of the Paper
2 Simulation: Concepts and Tools
3 Use Cases of Simulation
3.1 Critical Scenario Mining
3.2 Deep Validation
3.3 Incident Analysis
4 Summary
References
Simulation-Based Elicitation of Accuracy Requirements for the Environmental Perception of Autonomous Vehicles
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Functional Decomposition
2.2 Unprotected Left Turn Scenario
3 Simulation-Based Testing with Error Injection
4 Modeling Perceptual Inaccuracy and Errors
4.1 Perceptual Hazards
4.2 Error Models
5 Evaluation
5.1 True Positive Inaccuracy: Systematic Object Position Shift
5.2 Object Track Instability: Lifetime and Downtime
5.3 Discussion
6 Related Work
7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
DSLs and Middleware Platforms in a Model-Driven Development Approach for Secure Predictive Maintenance Systems in Smart Factories
1 Introduction
2 EdgeX Foundry as IIoT Middleware Platform
3 Industrial Automation Use Case: Predictive Maintenance
3.1 Provisioning Devices in EdgeX: The Integration Layer
3.2 Data and Processes: The Application Layer
3.3 Reuse Through DSLs
3.4 Handling Alerts and Machine Failures
4 Secure Access Policy for PreMS
5 Conclusions
References
From Requirements to Executable Rules: An Ensemble of Domain-Specific Languages for Programming Cyber-Physical Systems in Warehouse Logistics
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Case Study: Warehouse Logistics
4 Separation of Domain and Requirements
4.1 Engineering the Warehouse Logistics Domain
4.2 Specification of Requirements
5 Runtime Monitoring and System Control
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Mining Data Quality Rules for Data Migrations: A Case Study on Material Master Data
1 Introduction
2 Case Description
2.1 Setting
2.2 Current Data Migration Process
2.3 Data Set Description
2.4 Data Pre-processing
3 Proposed Solution
3.1 Extended Data Migration Process
3.2 Data Quality Rule Mining
4 Findings
4.1 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
4.2 Association Rule Learning
4.3 Evaluation
5 Related Work
6 Conclusion
References
Programming: What is Next
Programming - What is Next?
1 Introduction
2 Contributions
2.1 Program Development
2.2 Program Language Concepts
2.3 Domain-Specific Languages
3 Conclusion
References
Low-Code Is Often High-Code, So We Must Design Low-Code Platforms to Enable Proper Software Engineering
1 Introduction
2 No-Code and Low-Code as a Long-Standing and Growing Trend
2.1 Large Volumes and Complexity Make Low-Code a False Promise
2.2 Low Code Applications Often Lack Features Needed for Maintainability and Understandability
2.3 Turnover, Deprecation and Vendor-Dependence Further Challenge Low-Code
3 Short Case Studies
3.1 Excel and Other Spreadsheets
3.2 WordPress
3.3 Jenkins
3.4 Modeling Languages with Code Generation
4 Directions Forward
4.1 Enable Low Code, but Plan for Lots of Code
4.2 Enable Documentability in Low-Code Platforms
4.3 Improve Separation-of-Concerns, Re-use, and Collaboration Capabilities
4.4 Enable Automated Testing in Low-Code Platforms
4.5 Foster Multi-vendor Open Standards for Low-Code Languages
4.6 Emphasize Developer Experience at All Scales
5 Some Other Perspectives
6 Conclusions
References
Time for All Programs, Not Just Real-Time Programs
1 Motivation
2 Alignment
3 Precedence
Sidebar: Sidebar 1: Lingua Franca Alignment Program Explained
4 Simultaneity
Sidebar: Sidebar 2: Lingua Franca Precedence Program Explained
5 Consistency
Sidebar: Sidebar 3: Lingua Franca Simultaneity Program Explained
6 Related Work
7 Conclusions
References
Integrated Modeling and Development of Component-Based Embedded Software in Scala
1 Introduction
2 Components
3 Hierarchical State Machines
4 Monitors
5 Rule-Based Tests
6 Related Work
7 Conclusion
References
Slang: The Sireum Programming Language
1 Introduction
2 Design
3 Features
4 Implementation
5 Applications
6 Related Work
7 Conclusion
References
HAMR: An AADL Multi-platform Code Generation Toolset
1 Introduction
2 AADL
3 Architecture
4 HAMR Backends
4.1 Slang on JVM Platform
4.2 Linux
4.3 seL4 Verified Microkernel
5 Applications
5.1 PCA Pump – JVM Platform
5.2 UAV System – seL4 Platform
6 Related Work
7 Conclusion
References
Fundamental Constructs in Programming Languages
1 Introduction
2 The Nature of Funcons
3 Collections of Funcons
4 Facets of Funcons
5 Translation of Language Constructs to Funcons
6 Defining and Implementing Funcons
7 Related Work
8 Conclusion
A Data
A.1 Datatypes
A.2 Abstractions
B Flow of Control
C Flow of Data
D Name Binding
E Imperative Variables
F Abrupt Termination
G Communication
References
Introducing Dynamical Systems and Chaos Early in Computer Science and Software Engineering Education Can Help Advance Theory and Practice of Software Development and Computing
1 Motivation
2 The Subject Matter: Key Phenomena in Dynamical Systems and Chaos
3 Linking DS&C Tenets to General Education and to CS and SE
3.1 DS&C Phenomena are Real and Pervasive
3.2 CS and SE Already Deal with DS&C
3.3 DS&C Issues May Emerge in any System
3.4 CS and SE Research Can Help Close Gaps in Dealing with DS&C
3.5 Techniques Developed for DS&C Can Help Tackle Classical CS and SE Challenges
4 Conclusion
References
GATE: Gradual Effect Types
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Gradual Types
2.2 Computational Effects
2.3 Subtyping
References
Fixing Classification: A Viewpoint-Based Approach
1 Introduction
2 The Limitations of Traditional Models of Classification
2.1 Dynamic Reclassification
2.2 Multiple Concurrent Classification Schemes
2.3 Transient and Overlapping Forms
3 A Viewpoint-Based Model of Classification
4 Computer Language Considerations
5 Prior Work
6 Summary and Future Research Prospects
References
The Future of Programming and Modelling: A Vision
1 The Software Capacity Crisis
2 Modelling and Its Limitations
2.1 Increasing the Benefit that Derives from Modelling
2.2 Bidirectionality
3 A Vision for the Future
4 Bidirectional Transformations
5 Specifying Networks of Models: Megamodelling
6 Restoring Consistency in Megamodels
7 Further Work Needed to Realise This Vision
8 Conclusions
References
Towards Model-Based Intent-Driven Adaptive Software
1 Introduction: Trends in Software Development
2 Background: MBSE Today
3 MIDAS: A Vision for Modeling
4 Program Synthesis
5 Comparison
6 Conclusion
References
The Interoperability Challenge: Building a Model-Driven Digital Thread Platform for CPS
1 Introduction
2 Digital Thread in the Middle – Interoperability
3 The Underlying Low-Code Development Environment
4 Digital Thread Platform: The Current Status
4.1 REST Services
4.2 Robotics with the UR Language
4.3 Data Management via Files and External Databases
4.4 Analytics with R
5 Programming: What's Next?
6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Programming vs. That Thing Subject Matter Experts Do
1 The Role of Subject Matter Experts
2 Can SMEs Use DSLs?
3 (Where) Does This Work?
4 Typical DSL Architecture
5 Difference Between Programming and SME'ing
5.1 Skills and Responsibilities
5.2 Different Emphasis
6 Where and How Can SMEs Learn
7 Wrap Up
References
Aligned, Purpose-Driven Cooperation: The Future Way of System Development
1 Introduction
2 Challenges
2.1 Space
2.2 Time
2.3 Mindset
3 State of the Art
3.1 Infrastructure
3.2 Master Application
3.3 Workspace
4 Aligned, Purpose-Driven Cooperation
4.1 PSL Module
4.2 Bootstrapping
4.3 Composition
5 Sketch: Aligned Cinco Environment
5.1 Cinco Module
5.2 Product Module
5.3 Service-Orientation
6 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Software Verification Tools
sVerify: Verifying Smart Contracts Through Lazy Annotation and Learning
1 Introduction
2 Overview Through Motivating Examples
3 Our Approach
3.1 Formalization of Smart Contracts
3.2 Loop Invariant Generation
3.3 Overall Verification Algorithm
4 Implementation and Evaluations
4.1 Verification Against Common Code Vulnerabilities
4.2 Verifying Contract-Specific Assertions
5 Related Work
6 Conclusion
References
Rigorous Engineering of Collective Adaptive Systems
Verifying Temporal Properties of Stigmergic Collective Systems Using CADP
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 The CADP Toolbox
2.2 LAbS and SLiVER
3 Model Checking Sequential LNT Emulation Programs
3.1 Improving LNT Emulation Programs for LAbS
3.2 A Basic Property Language for Systems of Stateful Agents
3.3 Encoding State-Based Properties as MCL Queries
4 Verification of Sequential Emulation Programs
5 Compositional Verification of Parallel Emulation Programs
5.1 Experimental Evaluation
6 Related Work
7 Conclusions
References
Formal Methods for DIStributedCOmputing in FutureRAILway Systems
RAILS: Roadmaps for AI integration in the raiL Sector
Acknowledgements and Disclaimer
References
A Journey Through Software Model Checking of Interlocking Programs
References
Supporting the Development of Hybrid ERTMS/ETCS Level 3 with Formal Modelling, Analysis and Simulation
References
Formal Methods in Railway Signalling Infrastructure Standardisation Processes
References
Author Index