Lectures Notes on Advanced Structured Materials

✍ Scribed by Holm Altenbach, Michael Johlitz, Markus Merkel, Andreas Öchsner

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 370
• Series: Advanced Structured Materials, 153
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The book on advanced structured materials is designed to facilitate teaching and informal discussion in a supportive and friendly environment. The book provides a forum for postgraduate students to present their research results and train their presentation and discussion skills. Furthermore, it allows for extensive discussion of current research being conducted in the wider area of advanced structured materials. Doing so, it builds a wider postgraduate community and offers networking opportunities for early career researchers. In addition to focused lectures, the book provides specialized teaching/overview lectures from experienced senior academics. The 2022 Postgraduate Seminar entitled “Advanced Structured Materials: Development - Manufacturing - Characterization – Applications” was held from February 28^th till March 4^th, 2022, in Malta. The book that presented postgraduate lectures had a strong focus on polymer mechanics, composite materials, and additive manufacturing.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Part I Overview Lectures
1 Composite Mechanics
1.1 Preliminary Remarks
1.2 Definitions, Classifications and Applications
1.3 Laminated Plates
1.3.1 Description of Material Behaviour
1.3.2 Modelling Levels
1.3.3 Modelling Based on Volume and Mass Fraction
1.3.4 Combination of Both Approaches
1.3.5 Elementary Mixture Rules
1.3.6 Effective Properties of a Single Layer
1.3.7 Improved Formulas for Effective Moduli
1.4 Particle-Reinforced Composites
1.4.1 Short-fibre-Reinforced Plastics
1.4.2 Spherical Inhomogeneity with Interphase
1.5 Functionally Graded Materials
1.6 Anti-Sandwich and Nanomaterials
1.7 Summary and Outlook
References
2 Aspects in the Modelling of Heterogeneous Thermo-Oxidative Ageing Using the Example of a Rubber Buffer
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Chemo-Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of a Rubber Buffer
2.2.1 Overview of the Quantities and Equations of the Material Model
2.2.2 Results and Discussion
2.3 Experimental Investigation on Self-heating in Connection with Ageing of a Rubber Buffer
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Digital Product Development by Additive Manufacturing
3.1 Introduction
3.2 AM-Process Within Digital Product Development and Manufacturing
References
4 Theory of Three-Dimensional Plasticity
4.1 Comments on the Stress Matrix
4.2 Graphical Representation of Yield Conditions
4.3 Yield Conditions
4.3.1 Mises Yield Condition
4.3.2 Tresca Yield Condition
4.3.3 Drucker-Prager Yield Condition
4.4 Flow Rule
4.5 Hardening Rule
4.5.1 Isotropic Hardening
4.5.2 Kinematic Hardening
References
Part II Specialized Lectures
5 Influence of Silicon Content on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Al-Si Alloys
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental Methods
5.2.1 Sample Preparation
5.2.2 Chemical Analysis
5.2.3 Flowability
5.2.4 Particle Size Distribution
5.2.5 Hardness
5.2.6 Tensile Tests
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 Chemical Analysis
5.3.2 Flowability
5.3.3 Particle Size Distribution
5.3.4 Hardness
5.3.5 Tensile Properties
5.4 Conclusions
References
6 Multi-step Additive Manufacturing Technologies Utilizing the Powder Metallurgical Manufacturing Route
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Metal Additive Manufacturing
6.2.1 Single-Step AM Technologies
6.2.2 Multi-step AM Technologies
6.3 Summary
References
7 A Strategy to Extend the Limits of Unsupported Printing in Laser Powder Bed Fusion by Optimized Process Parameters Selection
7.1 Introduction and Motivation
7.2 Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
7.3 Support Structure
7.4 Methods for Minimizing Support Structure
7.5 Selecting Process Parameters in LPBF
7.5.1 State-of-the-Art Parameter Selection
7.5.2 Parameter-Based Strategy to Minimize Support
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Influence of Relative Humidity on Thermal Properties of Tool Steel Powder
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.3 Experimental Setup
8.4 Results
8.5 Discussion
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 An Overview on the 3D Printing of Elastomers and the Influence of Printing Parameters on Their Mechanical Properties
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Overview on Additive Manufacturing
9.2.1 Definition and Technologies
9.2.2 Elastomers in 3D Printing
9.2.3 FFF with Elastic Materials
9.3 Applied Case on FFF with a TPU Filament
9.3.1 Experimental Procedure
9.3.2 Results and Discussion
9.4 Conclusions
References
10 Effects of Reusing Polyamide 12 Powder on the Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Parts
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methodology
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 On the Influence of Perimeter, Infill-Direction and Geometry on the Tensile Properties of Test Specimen Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Research Focus
11.3 Experimental Setup and Results
11.4 Discussion of Tensile Test Results
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Design of a Room-in-Room Laboratory Environment for the SLS Printing Process
12.1 Motivation
12.2 Mechanical Design of the Cabin
12.2.1 Design Structure
12.2.2 Structural Mechanics of the Cabin
12.3 Thermal Concept
12.4 Extraction System
12.5 Summary
References
13 Chemical–Mechanical Characterization of Unaged and Aged Additively Manufactured Elastomers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Material
13.3 Methods
13.4 Results and Discussion
13.4.1 Material Identification and Curing Process
13.4.2 Aging Effects
13.5 Conclusions
References
14 Microstructure and Properties of the Fusion Zone in Steel-Cast Iron Composite Castings
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Experimental Details
14.2.1 Composite Casting
14.2.2 Microstructure Observation
14.2.3 Hardness Measurement
14.3 Results
14.3.1 Graphite Morphology
14.3.2 Etched Microstructure
14.3.3 Hardness
14.4 Discussion
14.5 Conclusion
References
15 Kinetics for Strain-Induced Crystallisation Analysed via Cyclic Loading Simulations
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Constitutive Model Using a Serial Connection of Amorphous, Non-crystallisable Amorphous and Crystalline Phase
15.2.1 Simulation Results: Loading with Various Maximum Stretch
15.2.2 Simulation Results: Loading with Different Stretch Rates
15.2.3 Simulation Results: Cyclic Loading Varying in Amplitude and Minimum Unloading Stretch
15.3 Conclusions and Outlook
References
16 Long-Term Storage of Aged NBR in Kerosene in Consideration of Long Material Service Life
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Materials
16.3 Experiments and Methods
16.3.1 Elastomer Aging and Preparation
16.3.2 Mechanical Testing
16.3.3 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
16.3.4 Sorption Experiments
16.4 Results and Discussion
16.4.1 Mechanical Properties After Aging
16.4.2 Concentration of Stabilizers and Plasticizers
16.4.3 Long-Term Sorption Behavior of Kerosene Jet A-1 in Aged NBR
16.5 Conclusion
References
17 FT-IR Microscopic Analysis of the Chemical Change in the Molecular Structure After Ozone Ageing of Natural Rubber
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Experimental
17.2.1 Material
17.2.2 Artificial Ageing Strategy
17.2.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Method
17.3 Results
17.3.1 Surface Spectra
17.3.2 Cross-Section Spectra
17.4 Discussion
17.5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
18 Investigation of the Viscosity of Liquid Silicone Rubber for Molding Microstructures in the Injection Molding Process
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Material and Methods
18.2.1 Theoretical Approach
18.2.2 Experimental Part
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Kinetic Model
18.3.2 Rheological Results
18.3.3 Dielectrical Results
18.3.4 Comparison of the Different Analysis Methods
18.3.5 Experimental Results
18.4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
19 Investigation of Adhesion and Surface Treatments for Thermoplastic—Liquid Silicone Rubber Joints in Multicomponent Injection Molding
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Theoretical Background
19.2.1 Relevant Adhesion Theories for Thermoplastic-LSR Joints
19.2.2 Surface Treatment Methods
19.3 Materials and Methods
19.3.1 Materials
19.3.2 Methods
19.4 Results and Discussion
19.4.1 Surface Energy of Thermoplastics
19.4.2 Peel Forces of Thermoplastic-LSR Joints
19.4.3 Classification of Surface Treatments
19.5 Summary and Outlook
References
20 Thermoforming: Identification of Process-Relevant Ranges for Strain, Strain Rate, Cooling Rate, and Degree of Crystallinity Through Preliminary Simulations
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Thermoforming Process
20.1.2 Crystallization During Thermoforming Process
20.2 Simplified Process Simulations
20.2.1 Simulation 1: Cooling
20.2.2 Simulation 2: Forming
20.3 Conclusions
References
21 Examining Lateral Punch Force Effects During Hole Expansion Testing by Means of Numerical Simulations
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Modeling
21.2.1 Geometry
21.2.2 Boundary Conditions and Contact Interactions
21.2.3 Material Behavior
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.4 Conclusions
References
22 CFD Analysis of Hot Gas Welding of 3D Weld Contours Using Two Different Nozzle Systems
22.1 The Hot Gas Welding Process
22.2 Theory of Impingement Flow
22.3 Structure of the CFD Simulation Model for 3D-Shaped Welds
22.4 Validation of the Simulation Model
22.4.1 Test Setup for Validation of the Simulation
22.4.2 Validation of the Simulated Shape of the Molten Polymer
22.4.3 Validation of the Simulated Transient Heating Behavior
22.5 Investigation of the Influence of 3D-Shaped Weld Contours
22.5.1 Simulation Results of Inclined Weld Contours
22.5.2 Simulation Results of Hybrid Weld Contours
22.6 Summary and Outlook
References
23 Modeling the Inelastic Behavior of High-Temperature Steels Using a Two-Time-Scale Approach
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Constitutive Equations
23.2.1 Elasticity
23.2.2 Inelasticity
23.3 Two-Time-Scale Approach
23.4 Modeling Creep Behavior
23.5 Conclusion
References