Lecture Notes in Analogue Electronics: Electronic Signal Amplification and Linear Oscillators (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1074)

✍ Scribed by Vančo Litovski

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 691
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is mostly devoted to amplification of analogue signals. It covers different technologies (bipolar, MOS, and MES), and different frequency ranges but it always deals with small signals. Analogue signals processed in electronic system may have a wide variety of origins. Among them we have the signals coming from sensors (electro-mechanical, electro-magnetic, electro-chemical, electro-acoustic, electro-optical, etc.), the signals coming from antennas being produced by another electronic system or are simply cosmic produced, and signals that are generated within the electronic systems. The common property of most of the signals is their small amplitude. In many cases it is below a micro-volt. Since at the output of the system we most frequently need a high amplitude signal the main action undertaken in the electronic system before any further processing is to amplify.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction to the Lecture Notes of Analogue Electronics (LNAE) Series
Contents
About the Author
2.1 About the Content of the Book
2.1.1 Introduction
2.2 Biasing the Basic Electronic Amplifier Configurations
2.2.1 Biasing of Basic Amplifiers with BJT and Their Temperature Stabilization
2.2.1.1 Temperature Instability of the Operating Point
2.2.1.2 Temperature Stabilization of the Quiescent Operating Point
2.2.1.3 Use of Nonlinear Elements
2.2.1.4 The Influence of Collector Dissipation on the Temperature Instability of the Quiescent Operating Point
2.2.1.5 Biasing the Basic CC and CB Stages
2.2.2 Basic Amplifiers with a JFET and MOSFET and Their Temperature Stabilization
2.2.2.1 Biasing the CS Basic Amplifier with a JFET
2.2.2.2 Temperature Stabilization of the Operating Point of the JFET
2.2.2.3 Biasing of the Common Drain (CD) and Common-Gate (CG) Amplifiers
2.2.3 Biasing the Amplifier with a MOSFET
2.3 Frequency Domain Analysis of the Basic Amplifier Configurations
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Definition of the Gain
2.3.2.1 Multistage Amplifiers
2.3.2.2 Simple Models of Amplifiers or Representation of Amplifiers Using Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem
2.3.2.3 Miller’s Theorem
2.3.2.4 The Transfer Function of the Amplifier
2.3.2.5 Amplitude Characteristic
2.3.2.6 Phase Characteristic
2.3.2.7 Graphical Representation of Frequency Characteristics of Electronic Circuits
2.3.2.8 A Short Review of the Frequency Domain Properties of Some Simple Electric Circuits
2.3.2.9 Classification of the Amplifiers
2.3.3 Graphical Analysis of Amplifiers
2.3.3.1 The Transfer Characteristic of the Amplifier
2.3.4 Nonlinear Distortions
2.3.5 Linear Models of Semiconductor Components and Application
2.3.5.1 Linear Model of a Semiconductor Diode
2.3.6 Models of Active Elements Obtained Through the Four-Pole Theory
2.3.6.1 Generation of Linear Models
2.3.7 Linear Models of the BJT for Low Frequencies
2.3.7.1 A Natural Model of a BJT
2.3.7.2 Low-Frequency Hybrid Model of the BJT
2.3.7.3 Analysis of the Basic Amplifier Stage Using h- and y-Models
2.3.7.4 Comparison of the Properties of Different Configurations of the Basic BJT Amplifier Stage
2.3.7.5 Determining the Values of h-Parameters from the BJT’s Characteristics
2.3.7.6 Measurement of h-Parameters
2.3.7.7 Dependence of Hybrid Parameters on the Position of the Operating Point and Temperature
2.3.8 Linear Models of the BJT for High Frequencies
2.3.8.1 Natural Model of a BJT for High Frequencies
2.3.8.2 Hybrid π-Model of a BJT for High Frequencies
2.3.8.3 hE Parameters as a Function of the Parameters of the Hybrid π-Model
2.3.8.4 Application of the Hybrid π-Model for the Analysis of Basic Amplifiers with BJTs
2.3.8.5 An Example of the Application of the Hybrid π-Model
2.3.9 Linear Models of the JFET and MOSFET
2.3.9.1 Analysis of Different Configurations of the Basic Amplifier Stages with JFET
2.3.9.2 Linear Model of a FET for High Frequencies
2.3.9.3 Examples of Application of the JFET Model at High Frequencies
2.3.9.4 Linear Model of the MESFET
2.3.10 RC-Coupled Amplifiers
2.3.10.1 Basic CE Amplifier
2.3.10.2 Basic CC Amplifier
2.3.10.3 Basic CB Amplifier
2.3.10.4 Basic CS Amplifier
2.3.10.5 Basic CD Amplifier
2.3.10.6 Basic CG Amplifier
2.3.10.7 Basic Amplifier with a CMOS Pair
2.3.11 Amplifier Coupling
2.3.11.1 RC Coupling
2.3.12 RC-Coupled Multistage Amplifiers
2.3.12.1 Two-Stage Amplifier with JFETs
2.3.12.2 Two-Stage Amplifier with BJTs
2.3.12.3 Notes on the Analysis and Characteristics of Multistage Amplifiers
2.4 Direct-Coupled Amplifier Stages
2.4.1 Directly Coupled Two-Stage CE Amplifier
2.4.1.1 Temperature Stability of Direct-Coupled Amplifiers
2.4.2 A Direct-Coupled Two-Stage CS Amplifier
2.4.3 Transistor as a Dynamic Resistance and as a Constant Current Source
2.4.3.1 Current Mirror
2.4.3.2 Widlar’s Current Source
2.4.3.3 Wilson’s Current Source
2.4.3.4 Multiple Current Sources
2.4.3.5 Complex Current Sources with MOSFETs
2.4.4 Sources of a Reference Voltage
2.4.5 Darlington Pair
2.4.6 Cascode Amplifier
2.4.7 CC-CE Coupling
2.4.8 An Amplifier with a Current Source as an Active Load
2.4.9 Differential Amplifier
2.4.9.1 Differential Amplifier with MOSFETs
2.4.9.2 Differential Amplifier with BJTs
2.4.9.3 Static Transfer Characteristic of the Differential Amplifier
2.4.9.4 Current Sources in the Differential Amplifier Circuit
2.4.9.5 Cascode Differential Amplifier and Application of Super-Beta BJTs
2.4.9.6 Differential Amplifier with BJTs and High Input Resistance
2.4.9.7 Asymmetrical Differential Amplifier
2.4.9.8 Voltage and Current Offset
2.5 Feedback Amplifiers
2.5.1 The Influence of Negative Feedback on the Characteristics of Idealized Amplifiers
2.5.1.1 Effect of Negative Feedback on Gain Sensitivity
2.5.1.2 Effects of Negative Feedback on Nonlinear Distortions
2.5.1.3 Influence of Negative Feedback on the Frequency Characteristic of Broadband Amplifiers
2.5.1.4 Effect of Feedback on Noise
2.5.2 Feedback in Real Amplifiers
2.5.2.1 Shunt-Shunt Feedback
2.5.2.2 Series-Series Feedback
2.5.2.3 Shunt-Series Feedback
2.5.2.4 Series-Shunt Feedback
2.5.2.5 Notes on the Application of Four-Pole Theory to the Analysis of Feedback Amplifiers
2.5.3 Realization of the Negative Feedback in Multistage Amplifiers
2.5.4 Stability of Feedback Amplifiers
2.5.4.1 Root Locus Analysis
2.5.4.2 Nyquist Criterion
2.6 Linear Oscillators
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.1.1 Oscillation Condition and Frequency
2.6.2 Oscillators with Resonant Circuits
2.6.3 RC Oscillators
2.6.4 Wien Bridge Oscillator
2.6.5 Negative Resistance Oscillators
2.6.6 Oscillation Frequency Stabilization
2.6.7 Quartz Crystal Oscillators
2.6.8 Stabilization of the Amplitude of Oscillations
2.6.9 Oscillators Whose Frequency is Controlled by Voltage—VCO
2.6.9.1 Circuits of VCO
2.6.9.2 Frequency and Phase Instability of the VCO
2.7 Solved Problems
2.7.1 Biasing the Basic Electronic Amplifier Configurations
2.7.2 Frequency Domain Analysis of the Basic Amplifier Configurations
2.7.3 Direct-Coupled Amplifier Stages
2.7.4 Feedback Amplifiers
2.7.5 Linear Oscillators
2.8 Examples of SPICE Simulations
Example 2.8.1 Temperature Dependence of the Amplitude Characteristic of an CE Amplifier
Example 2.8.2 Frequency Response of a Compensated CMOS Feedback Amplifier
Example 2.8.3 Colpitts Oscillator
Literature
Index