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## In current practice, there is a steady tendency for the increase of production of sealed lead/acid batteries using lead-calcium alloys. The mastering of these alloys is, however, difficult due to debilitating phenomena taking place, the main of which is the instability of alloy composition in t
Use of lead-calcium batteries in automotive applications offers definite advantages in the areas of overcharge, high temperature, water usage, and self-discharge. The Delco Freedom battery with wrought expanded grids additionally provides increased resistance to corrosion. Customer satisfaction with
Lead/acid batteries with tubular grids for the positive electrodes give flatter discharge curves and higher cycle life than batteries using fiat plates. Most tubular grids for motive-power batteries contain 9-11 wt.% antimony. Recently, alloys with 1-6 wt.% antimony have been used for reduced mainte