Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows: An Introduction (Scientific Computation)

✍ Scribed by P. Sagaut

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2005
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 575
• Edition: 3rd
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

First concise textbook on Large-Eddy Simulation, a very important method in scientific computing and engineering From the foreword to the third edition written by Charles Meneveau: "... this meticulously assembled and significantly enlarged description of the many aspects of LES will be a most welcome addition to the bookshelves of scientists and engineers in fluid mechanics, LES practitioners, and students of turbulence in general."

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 20
1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics......Page 27
1.2 Levels of Approximation: General......Page 28
1.3 Statement of the Scale Separation Problem......Page 29
1.4 Usual Levels of Approximation......Page 31
1.5 Large-Eddy Simulation: from Practice to Theory. Structure of the Book......Page 35
2.1.1 Definition......Page 40
2.1.2 Fundamental Properties......Page 42
2.1.3 Characterization of Different Approximations......Page 43
2.1.4 Differential Filters......Page 45
2.1.5 Three Classical Filters for Large-Eddy Simulation......Page 46
2.1.6 Differential Interpretation of the Filters......Page 51
2.2.1 General......Page 56
2.2.2 Non-uniform Filtering Over an Arbitrary Domain......Page 57
2.2.3 Local Spectrum of Commutation Error......Page 67
2.3 Time Filtering: a Few Properties......Page 68
3. Application to Navier–Stokes Equations......Page 70
3.1.2 Formulation in General Coordinates......Page 71
3.1.3 Formulation in Spectral Space......Page 72
3.2.2 Formulation in Spectral Space......Page 73
3.3.1 Leonard’s Decomposition......Page 74
3.3.2 Germano Consistent Decomposition......Page 84
3.3.3 Germano Identity......Page 86
3.3.4 Invariance Properties......Page 89
3.3.5 Realizability Conditions......Page 97
3.4.1 Second-Order Commuting Filter......Page 99
3.5.1 Basic Form of the Filtered Equations......Page 102
3.6.1 Statement of the Problem......Page 103
3.6.2 Postulates......Page 104
3.6.3 Functional and Structural Modeling......Page 105
4.1.1 Yoshizawa’s Partial Statistical Average Model......Page 107
4.1.2 McComb’s Conditional Mode Elimination Procedure......Page 108
4.2 Regularized Navier–Stokes Models......Page 109
4.2.2 Holm’s Navier–Stokes-α Model......Page 110
4.2.3 Ladyzenskaja’s Model......Page 113
5.1 Phenomenology of Inter-Scale Interactions......Page 114
5.1.1 Local Isotropy Assumption: Consequences......Page 115
5.1.2 Interactions Between Resolved and Subgrid Scales......Page 116
5.1.3 A View in Physical Space......Page 125
5.2 Basic Functional Modeling Hypothesis......Page 127
5.3.1 Spectral Models......Page 128
5.3.2 Physical Space Models......Page 132
5.3.3 Improvement of Models in the Physical Space......Page 156
5.3.4 Implicit Diffusion: the ILES Concept......Page 184
5.4.1 Preliminary Remarks......Page 194
5.4.2 Deterministic Statistical Models......Page 195
5.4.3 Stochastic Models......Page 201
6.2 Application of Anisotropic Filter to Isotropic Flow......Page 210
6.2.1 Scalar Models......Page 211
6.2.3 Tensorial Models......Page 214
6.3.1 Phenomenology of Inter-Scale Interactions......Page 216
6.3.2 Anisotropic Models: Scalar Subgrid Viscosities......Page 221
6.3.3 Anisotropic Models: Tensorial Subgrid Viscosities......Page 225
6.4 Remarks on Flows Submitted to Strong Rotation Effects......Page 231
7.1 Introduction and Motivations......Page 232
7.2.1 Models Based on Approximate Deconvolution......Page 233
7.2.2 Non-linear Models......Page 246
7.2.3 Homogenization-Technique-Based Models......Page 251
7.3.1 Scale Similarity Hypotheses......Page 254
7.3.2 Scale Similarity Models......Page 255
7.3.3 A Bridge Between Scale Similarity and Approximate Deconvolution Models. Generalized Similarity Models......Page 259
7.4.1 Motivations......Page 260
7.4.2 Examples of Mixed Models......Page 262
7.5.1 Deardorff Model......Page 266
7.5.2 Fureby Differential Subgrid Stress Model......Page 267
7.5.3 Velocity-Filtered-Density-Function-Based Subgrid Stress Models......Page 268
7.5.4 Link with the Subgrid Viscosity Models......Page 271
7.6.1 General......Page 272
7.6.4 Kinematic Model......Page 273
7.7 Explicit Evaluation of Subgrid Scales......Page 274
7.7.1 Fractal Interpolation Procedure......Page 276
7.7.2 Chaotic Map Model......Page 277
7.7.3 Kerstein’s ODT-Based Method......Page 280
7.7.4 Kinematic-Simulation-Based Reconstruction......Page 282
7.7.5 Velocity Filtered Density Function Approach......Page 283
7.7.6 Subgrid Scale Estimation Procedure......Page 284
7.7.7 Multi-level Simulations......Page 286
7.8 Direct Identification of Subgrid Terms......Page 295
7.8.1 Linear-Stochastic-Estimation-Based Model......Page 297
7.9 Implicit Structural Models......Page 298
7.9.1 Local Average Method......Page 299
7.9.2 Scale Residual Model......Page 301
8.1.1 Static and Dynamic Interpretations: Effective Filter......Page 303
8.1.2 Theoretical Analysis of the Turbulence Generated by Large-Eddy Simulation......Page 305
8.2 Ties Between the Filter and Computational Grid. Pre-filtering......Page 310
8.3.1 Ghosal’s General Analysis......Page 312
8.3.2 Pre-filtering Effect......Page 316
8.3.3 Conclusions......Page 319
8.3.4 Remarks on the Use of Artificial Dissipations......Page 321
8.3.5 Remarks Concerning the Time Integration Method......Page 325
9.1.1 Type of Information Contained in a Large-Eddy Simulation......Page 326
9.1.2 Validation Methods......Page 327
9.1.3 Statistical Equivalency Classes of Realizations......Page 328
9.1.4 Ideal LES and Optimal LES......Page 331
9.1.5 Mathematical Analysis of Sensitivities and Uncertainties in Large-Eddy Simulation......Page 332
9.2.1 Filtering the Reference Data......Page 334
9.2.2 Evaluation of Subgrid-Scale Contribution......Page 335
9.2.3 Evaluation of Subgrid-Scale Kinetic Energy......Page 336
9.3 Practical Experience......Page 339
10.1.1 Mathematical Aspects......Page 344
10.1.2 Physical Aspects......Page 345
10.2.1 Statement of the Problem......Page 347
10.2.2 A Few Wall Models......Page 353
10.2.3 Wall Models: Achievements and Problems......Page 372
10.3.2 Inflow Condition Generation Techniques......Page 375
11.1 Statement of the Problem......Page 389
11.2 Methods with Full Overlap......Page 391
11.2.2 Two-Way Coupling Algorithm......Page 392
11.2.3 FAS-like Multilevel Method......Page 393
11.2.4 Kravchenko et al. Method......Page 394
11.3 Methods Without Full Overlap......Page 396
11.4.1 Statement of the Problem......Page 397
11.4.2 Error Estimation......Page 398
12.1 Motivations and Presentation......Page 403
12.2.1 Statement of the Problem......Page 404
12.2.2 Sharp Transition......Page 405
12.2.3 Smooth Transition......Page 407
12.2.4 Zonal RANS/LES Approach as Wall Model......Page 408
12.3 Nonlinear Disturbance Equations......Page 410
12.4 Universal Modeling......Page 411
12.4.1 Germano’s Hybrid Model......Page 412
12.4.2 Speziale’s Rescaling Method and Related Approaches......Page 413
12.4.3 Baurle’s Blending Strategy......Page 414
12.4.4 Arunajatesan’s Modified Two-Equation Model......Page 416
12.4.5 Bush–Mani Limiters......Page 417
12.4.6 Magagnato’s Two-Equation Model......Page 418
12.5 Toward a Theoretical Status for Hybrid RANS/LES Approaches......Page 419
13.1 Filter Identification. Computing the Cutoff Length......Page 421
13.2.1 Uniform One-Dimensional Grid Case......Page 424
13.2.3 Extension to the General Case. Convolution Filters......Page 427
13.3 Implementation of the Structure Function Models......Page 428
14.1.1 Isotropic Homogeneous Turbulence......Page 430
14.1.2 Anisotropic Homogeneous Turbulence......Page 431
14.2.1 Time-Evolving Plane Channel......Page 433
14.2.2 Other Flows......Page 437
14.3.1 Round Jet......Page 438
14.3.2 Backward Facing Step......Page 445
14.3.3 Square-Section Cylinder......Page 449
14.3.4 Other Examples......Page 450
14.4.1 Large-Eddy Simulation for Nuclear Power Plants......Page 451
14.4.2 Flow in a Mixed-Flow Pump......Page 454
14.4.4 Flow Around a Full-Scale Car......Page 456
14.5.1 General Lessons......Page 458
14.5.2 Subgrid Model Efficiency......Page 461
14.5.3 Wall Model Efficiency......Page 463
14.5.4 Mesh Generation for Building Blocks Flows......Page 464
15.1 Scope of this Chapter......Page 468
15.2.1 Physical Model......Page 469
15.2.2 Dynamics of the Passive Scalar......Page 472
15.2.3 Extensions of Functional Models......Page 480
15.2.4 Extensions of Structural Models......Page 485
15.2.5 Generalized Subgrid Modeling for Arbitrary Non-linear Functions of an Advected Scalar......Page 487
15.2.6 Models for Subgrid Scalar Variance and Scalar Subgrid Mixing Rate......Page 488
15.3.1 Physical Model......Page 491
15.3.2 Some Insights into the Active Scalar Dynamics......Page 493
15.3.3 Extensions of Functional Models......Page 500
15.3.4 Extensions of Structural Models......Page 506
15.3.5 Subgrid Kinetic Energy Estimates......Page 509
15.3.7 A Few Applications......Page 511
A.2.1 Motivations......Page 513
A.2.3 Ergodicity Principle......Page 514
A.2.4 Decomposition of a Turbulent Field......Page 516
A.3.1 Definitions......Page 517
A.3.2 Modal Interactions......Page 519
A.3.3 Spectral Equations......Page 520
A.5.1 Energy Cascade and Local Isotropy......Page 522
A.5.2 Equilibrium Spectrum......Page 523
B.1 Isotropic EDQNM Model......Page 525
B.2 Cambon’s Anisotropic EDQNM Model......Page 527
B.3 EDQNM Model for Isotropic Passive Scalar......Page 529
Bibliography......Page 531
F......Page 570
M......Page 571
S......Page 572
W......Page 573