Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
theme 1.1. amino acid structUre and classification. Protein structure
INTRODUCTION
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Practical
COLOR QUALITATIVE PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID REACTIONS
Reagents
Material of the investigation
NINHYDRIN TEST
Procedure and observation:
Principle
TESTS FOR SULPHUR CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS
Principle
Procedure & observation
Practical use of color reactions
theme 1.2. sTRUCTURE, PHYSiCAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS
iNTRODUCTION
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical 1
Reagents
Material of investigation
Principle
Design of laboratory work
Practical 2
PROTEIN DENATURATION
Reagents
Material forthe investigation
Principle
Chemical denaturation.
Practical significance
Design of laboratory work
theme 1.3. protein classification. protein structure and functions in human body. complex proteins
introduction
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical
Reagents
Analysis of phosphoprotein chemical composition
Material of the investigation
Analysis of glycoprotein chemical composition
Material for the investigation
Procedure and observation
Design of practical
Principle
Principle
Principle
Procedure
Principle
Procedure
Tests
case studies
theme 2.1. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
INTRODUCTION
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical 1
QUAliTATIVE RECTIONS OF FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
RETINOL QUALIITATIVE REACTION
Principle
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
CHOLECALCIFEROL QUALITATIVE REACTION
Principle
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
TOCOFEROL QUALITATIVE REACTION
Principle
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
VITAMIN K QUALITATIVE REACTION
Principle
Menadione (synthetic analogue of vitamin K1) in the presence of cysteine in a basic medium turns to lemon yellow color.
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Design of laboratory work
theme 2.2. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
INTRODUCTION
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical
quaLItative reactions OF water soluble vitamins
Reagents
Equipment
Material for investigation
riboflavin qualitative reaction
Material for investigation
Reducing reaction
Principle
Procedure and observation
nicotinic acid qualitative reaction
Principle
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
pyridoxine qualitatuvereaction
Principle
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
cobalamin qualitative reaction
Principle
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
ascorbic acid qualitative reaction
Material for investigation
Principle
Procedure and observation
Design of laboratory work
tests
case studies
Theme 3.1. ENZYME STRUCTURE AND properties.
APPLICATION IN MEDICINE
INTrODUCTION
the aim of practical is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topic for reports
Practical 1
dependence of enzyme activity on temperature
Investigation of influence of temperature on salivary amylase activity
Reagents
Material of investigation
Principle
Procedure and observation.
Preparation of saliva (the student on duty performs the saliva for the whole group).
Design of laboratory work
Practical 2
Investigation of enzyme specificity
Reagents
Material for investigation
Detection of urease absolute specificity
Principle
Procedure
Urease preparation:
Design of laboratory work
Detection of salivary amylase specificity
Principle
Procedure and observation
Preparation of saliva (the student on duty performs the saliva for the whole group).
Design of laboratory work
theme 3.2. ENZYME ACTIVITY REGULATION
INTRoDUCTION
THE AIM OF THE PRACTICAL IS
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Practical
DETERMINATION OF AMYLASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM and urine
Principle
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure
Calculation:
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Serum and urine
Design of laboratory work
Theme 3.3. enzyme classification and nomenclature (seminar)
introduction
the aim of the seminar
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topic for reports
tests
case studies
Theme 4.1. main catabolic pathways: pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation. tricarbonic acid cycle. enzymes of respiratory chain. oxidaTive phosphorylation (seminar)
introduction
the aim Of practic is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TESTS
Case studies
theme 5.1. externalmetabolism of PROTEINs. PRoteinsDIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
introduction
the aim of THE practicAL CLASS is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for reports
Practical 1
qualitative reaction of free hyDrochloric acid in gastric juice
Material of investigation
With Congo red
Principle
Reagents
Procedure and observation
With methyl orange
Principle
Reagents
Procedure and observation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Design of laboratory work
Practical 2
qualitative reaction of lactic acid presence in gastric juice
Principle
Reagents
Material of investigation
Procedure and observation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Design of laboratory work
Practical 3
Detection of blood and hemoglobin in gastric juice by diagnostic strips "hemophan"
Principle
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Design of laboratory work
Practical 4 (in theory)
tubeless method of acidity detection in gastric juice (test of acidity)
Principle
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
Design of laboratory work
theme 5.2. intracellular amino acid metabolism
introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for reports
Practical
determination of aminotransferases activity in serum
Principle
Reagents
Material of investigation
Procedure and observation
Calculation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Design of laboratory work
theme 5.3. ammonia metabolism and its disposal
introduction
the aim of THE practical CLASS is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical 1
determination of urea content in serum and urine
Principle
Reagents
Material of investigation
Procedure and observation
Calculation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Serum
Urine
Design of laboratory work
Practical 2
determination of creatinine content in serum and urine
Principle
Reagents
Material of investigation
Procedure and observation
Calculation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Serum
Urine
Design of laboratory work
theme 5.4. metabolism of some amino acids. their features and disorders (seminar)
introduction
the aim of THE practical CLASS is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
tests
case studies
theme 6.1. STRUCTURE AND metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
introduction
the aim oF the practical CLASS is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical
DETERMINATION OF URIC ACID CONCENTRATION IN SERUM AND URINE
Principle
Reagents
Material of investigation
Procedure and observation
Calculation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Serum
Urine
Design of laboratory work
tests
CASE STUDIES
theme 7.1. nucleic acids synthesis and
its regulation
introduction
the aim of THE practical CLASS is
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical
Analysis of chemical composition OF nucleoproteins
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure and observation
Design of laboratory work
theme 7.2. protein biosynthesis and its regulation
introduction
the aim of THE practicalCLASS IS
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for reports
Practical
determination of protein concentration in serum
Biuret test
Principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Calculation
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Hyperproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Design of laboratory work
tests
case studies
theme 8.1. Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates. Glycogen metabolism
Introduction
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical
Detection of glucose in urine using "Glucophan" diagnostic strips
Design of work:
theme 8.2. Oxidation of glucose in aerobic conditions. Gluconeogenesis
Introduction
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical 1
Principle
Material of investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Practical 2
DETECTION OF LACTIC ACID IN MUSCLE TISSUE BY UFFELMAN'S REACTION
Principle
The method is based on the complex compound interaction of violet iron phenolate with lactic acid to form yellow-green lactate of iron.
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Theme 8.3. Aerobic oxidation of glucose. Pentose phosphate pathway
Introduction
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
TOPICS FOR REPORTS
Practical
Principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
The glucose concentration determination
Calculation
Normal values
Evaluation of the glycemic curve
There are the following types of glycemic curves:
Tests
case studies
theme 9.1. Structure and external metabolism of lipids
Introduction
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for reports
Practical
Principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Design of work:
Theme 9.2. Intracellular metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerols
Introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS IS:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Topics for report
Practical
Principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Normal values
Clinical-diagnostic significance
Design of work:
Theme 9.3. Intracellular metabolism of phospholipids and cholesterol. Transport of lipids in blood
Introduction
The aim of the practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical
Principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Normal values
Design of practical:
Tests
case studies
theme 10.1. The mechanisms of hormonal signal transduction. Classification of hormones. Hormones of pituitary gland. (seminar)
introduction
the aim of THE practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
theme 10.2. Hormones of hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and parathyroid glands
introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical 1
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Biuret test for Proteins
Procedure
Reaction for (-amino group detection
Procedure
Aromatic amino acids reaction
The principle
The principle
Procedure
Design of practical:
Practical 2
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Design of practical:
Theme 10.3. Hormones of hypophysis, adrenal and sexual glands
introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical
The principle
Material for investigation:
Reagents
Procedure
Design of practical:
Tests
case studies
Introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical 1
Thymol test
The principle
Reagents
Material for investigation
Procedure
Normal values
Clinical-diagnostic significance
Design of practical
Practical 2 (in theory)
The principle
Material for investigation
Equipment
Procedure (basic steps)
theme 11.2. Iron exchange. Hemoproteins. The synthesis and breakdown of heme
introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical 1
DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL BILIRUBIN AND ITS FRACTIONS CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD SERUM
The principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Design of practical
Practical 2
The principle
Material for investigation
Normal values
Design of practical
theme 11.3. Inorganic substances of the blood.
Acid-base status
introduction
the aim of the practical CLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical 1
The principle
Material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Normal values
Serum
Urine
Design of practical
Practical 2
The principle
The material for investigation
Reagents
Procedure
Normal values
Clinical-diagnostic significance
Serum
Urine
Design of practical
Tests
case studies
theme 12.1. Water-salt exchange. Normal and pathological components of urine
introduction
the aim of the practicalCLASS is:
SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
topics for report
Practical 1
Material for investigation
Equipment
Procedure
The principle
Procedure
Normal value
The influencing factors
Design of practical:
Practical 2
Material for investigation
Equipment
Procedure
The principle
Urine
The principle
Normal values
Urine
The principle
Normal values
Urine
The principle
Normal values
Urine
The principle
Normal values
Urine
Normal values
Urine
Design of practical:
Tests
case studies
Unit 1. "Structure, features and functions of proteins"
Unit 2. "Structure, classification and role of vitamins"
Unit 3."Enzymology"
Unit 4. "Biological oxidation"
Unit 5. "Amino acid and protein metabolism"
Unit 6. "Structure and metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides"
Unit 7. "Matrix biosynthesis"
Unit 8. "Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates"
Unit 9. "Structure and metabolism of lipids"
Unit 10. "Hormonal regulation of human metabolism and functions"
Unit 11. "Biochemistry of blood"
Unit 12. "Biochemistry of kidneys"
Unit 1. "Structure, features and functions of proteins"
Unit 2. " Structure, classification and role of vitamins"
Unit 3. "Enzymology"
Unit 4. "Biological oxidation"
Unit 5. "Amino acid and protein metabolism"
Unit 6. "Structure and metabolism of purines and pyrimidines"
Unit 7. "Matrix biosynthesis"
Unit 8. "Structure and metabolism of carbohydrates"
Unit 9. "Structure and metabolism of lipids"
Unit 12. "Biochemistry of kidneys"
The systematic name of oxidoreductases is formed as follows:
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
II Class. Transferase
Group donor : group acceptor β transferable transferase group
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
III class. Hydrolase
1. Esterases β hydrolysis of ester bonds.
2. Lipases β hydrolysis of neutral fats.
3. Phosphatase β hydrolysis of monoesters of phosphoric acid.
4. Glycosidases β hydrolyses O- and N-glycosidic bonds.
5. Proteases, peptidases β hydrolysis of proteins and peptides.
6. Nuclease β hydrolysis of nucleic acids.
The systematic name of hydrolases is formed:
Hydrolyzable substrate : hydrolase release group
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
IV Class. lyase
The systematic name of lyases is formed:
Cleavable substrate : detachable group β lyase
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
V CLASS. Isomerase
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
VI class. ligase
The systematic name of the enzyme:
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
CHARACTERISTICS OFSOME BLOOD PROTEINS
Fibrinogen
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
(1-Globulins
Acid (1-glycoprotein
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
(1-Antitrypsin
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
(1-Antichymotrypsin
Normal values
Clinicalanddiagnosticsignificance
(2-Globulins
Π‘-reactive protein
Normal values
Clinicalanddiagnosticsignificance
Haptoglobin
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
(2-Macroglobulin
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Ceruloplasmin
Normal values
Clinicalanddiagnosticsignificance
(-globulins
Transferrin family
Transferrin
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Lactoferrin
Normal values
Clinical and diagnostic significance
Normal values of studied
biocamical indicators
Serum
Urine
Gastric juice
Clearance of endogenous creatinine
ContentS