Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology

✍ Scribed by Robert Rutford, James Carter, James Zumberge

• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
• Year: 2013
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 321
• Edition: 16
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Zumberge's Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology, 16e is written for the freshman-level laboratory course in physical geology. In this lab, students study Earth materials, geologic interpretation of topographic maps, aerial photographs and Earth satellite imagery, structural geology and plate tectonics and related phenomena. With over 30 exercises, professors have great flexibility when developing the syllabus for their physical geology lab course. The ease of use, tremendous selection, and tried and true nature of the labs selected have made this lab manual one of the leading selling physical geology lab manuals.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Physical Geology
Dedication
Contents
Notes To Users of this Manual
Preface
PART I: Earth Materials
Introduction
Minerals
Definition
Mineral Identification
Properties of Minerals
EXERCISE 1. Identification of Common Minerals
Rocks
Introduction
Igneous Rocks
EXERCISE 2. Identification of Common Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
EXERCISE 3. Identification of Common Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
EXERCISE 4. Identification of Common Metamorphic Rocks
PART II: The Geologic Column and Geologic Time
Introduction
The Geologic Column and Geologic Time
Relative Age Determinations
Numerical Age Determinations
Constructing a Columnar Section
EXERCISE 5. Constructing a Columnar Section from a Geologic Cross Section
EXERCISE 6. Relative Ages of Igneous Rocks Intruded into Country Rock
EXERCISE 7A. Radiometric Dating, Geologic Age, and Correlation of Rock Units
EXERCISE 7B. The Law of Inclusions
PART III: Topographic Maps, Aerial Photographs, and Other Imagery from Remote Sensing
Introduction
Map Coordinates and Land Divisions
Map Projection
Range and Township
Topographic Maps
Definition
Features of Topographic Maps
Elements of a Topographic Map
EXERCISE 8. Problems on Contour Lines
EXERCISE 9. Problems in Scale Conversion
Topographic Profiles
EXERCISE 10. Drawing Profiles from Topographic Maps
EXERCISE 11. Topographic Map Reading
Imagery from Remote Sensing
Introduction
Aerial Photographs
Determining Scale on Aerial Photographs
Stereoscopic Use of Aerial Photographs
Interpretation of Aerial Photographs
Landsat False Color Images
EXERCISE 12. Introduction to Aerial Photograph Interpretation
PART IV: Geologic Interpretation of Topographic Maps, Aerial Photographs, and Earth Satellite Images
Introduction
General Instructions
Geologic Work of Running Water
EXERCISE 13. Stream Gradients and Base Level
EXERCISE 13B. Stream Gradients and Drainage Divides
EXERCISE 13C. Pediments and Alluvial Fans
EXERCISE 13D. Charles Creek, Canada
EXERCISE 13E. Refuge Map, Arkansas–Mississippi Greenwood Map, Arkansas–Mississippi
Groundwater Movement, Groundwater Pollution, and Groundwater as a Geologic Agent
EXERCISE 14A. Water Table Contours
EXERCISE 14B. Groundwater Pollution
EXERCISE 15A. Karst Topography
Sinkhole Formation
EXERCISE 15B. Sinkholes
EXERCISE 15C. Evolution of a Karst Terrain
Glaciers and Glacial Geology
Accumulation and Ablation
EXERCISE 16A. Mass Balance of an Alpine Glacier
EXERCISE 16B. Equilibrium Line, Moraines, and Glacier Flow
EXERCISE 16C. Erosional Landforms Produced by Former Alpine Glaciers
Continental Glaciation
EXERCISE 17A. Moraines and Outwash Plains
EXERCISE 17B. Drumlins
EXERCISE 17C. Ice-Contact Deposits
Landforms Produced by Wind Action
EXERCISE 18A. Barchans
EXERCISE 18B. Coastal Dunes
EXERCISE 18C. Inactive Dune Fields
Modern and Ancient Shorelines
EXERCISE 19A. Deltas of the Mississippi River
EXERCISE 19B. Coastal Processes and Shoreline Evolution
EXERCISE 19C. Ancestral Lakes of Lake Erie
EXERCISE 19D. Shore Erosion and Levels of Lake Michigan
Landforms Produced by Volcanic Activity
EXERCISE 20A. Mauna Loa, A Hawaiian Shield Volcano
EXERCISE 20B. The Impact of the Eruption of Mount St. Helens on Surrounding Topography
PART V: Structural Geology
Introduction
Structural Features of Sedimentary Rocks
Deformation of Sedimentary Strata
Methods of Geologic Illustration
Sedimentary Rock Structures
Geologic Maps and Cross Sections
EXERCISE 21. Geologic Structures on Block Diagrams, Geologic Symbols, and Relative Ages of Formations
EXERCISE 22. Geologic Mapping on Aerial Photographs
Chase County, Kansas
EXERCISE 22B. Geologic Mapping on Aerial Photographs
Fremont County, Wyoming
EXERCISE 22C. Geologic Mapping on Aerial Photographs
Aerial Photograph, Arkansas
EXERCISE 22D. Geologic Mapping on Aerial Photographs
Little Dome, Wyoming
EXERCISE 22E. Geologic Mapping on Aerial Photographs
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
EXERCISE 23. Interpretation of Geologic Maps
Lancaster Geologic Map, Wisconsin
EXERCISE 23B. Interpretation of Geologic Maps
Swan Island Geologic Map, Tennessee
EXERCISE 23C. Interpretation of Geologic Maps
Coleman Gap Geologic Map, Tennessee–Virginia
Faults and Earthquakes
Inactive Faults
Active Faults
EXERCISE 24A. Fault Problems
Fault Problems on Block diagram
EXERCISE 24B. Fault Problems
Faulted Sedimentary Strata
EXERCISE 25. Relationship of Fault Planes to Fault Traces, Epicenters, and Foci
The Use of Seismic Waves to Locate the Epicenter of an Earthquake
Seismographs, Seismograms, and Seismic Observatories
EXERCISE 26. Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake
PART VI: Plate Tectonics and Related Geologic Phenomena
Introduction
The Major Components of the Earth
EXERCISE 27A. Plate Boundaries
EXERCISE 27B. The Nazca Plate
Seafloor Spreading in the South Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans
Introduction
The Earth’s Magnetic Field
EXERCISE 28. Spreading Rates on the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
EXERCISE 29. Restoration of the South Atlantic Coastline 50 Million Years Before the Present
Volcanic Islands and Hot Spots
EXERCISE 30A. Movement of the Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Ridge over the Hawaiian Hot Spot
EXERCISE 30B. Islands in French Polynesia of the South Pacific Ocean
Appendix A
Appendix B
Glossary
Credits
Index