AbstractÐThe [212]-cycloaddition reactions of ketene diethyl acetal with methyl acrylate and acrylonitrile were optimized. Highly ef®cient ketal cleavage to either 2-cyano-1-cyclobutanone or 2-methoxycarbonyl-1-cyclobutanone was achieved using formic acid. Among the numerous reduction methods attemp
Ketene acetal monomers: Synthesis and characterization
✍ Scribed by J. V. Crivello; R. Malik; Y.-L. Lai
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1996
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 822 KB
- Volume
- 34
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0887-624X
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✦ Synopsis
SYNOPSIS
A new, facile, and high-yield synthesis of ketene acetals derived from readily available and inexpensive starting materials has been developed. For example, an a,@-unsaturated aldehyde can be condensed with an alkane diol to afford a 2-vinyl substituted cyclic acetal. This latter compound can be converted to the desired cyclic ketene acetal by isomerization of the double bond in the presence of tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) dichloride. Good to excellent yields of cyclic ketene acetals were obtained employing this method. The novel monomers were fully characterized by IR, NMR, and by elemental analysis. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: ketene acetals cyclic ketene acetals isomerization tris(tripheny1-ph0sphine)ruthenium (11) dichloride INTRODUCTION ' Ketene acetals (A) are a well-known class of compounds having the general structure shown below.
Due to the strong electron-releasing effects of the two alkoxy groups, ketene acetals display a pronounced dipolar character that confer on these compounds great reactivity towards electrophiles, nucleophiles, and free radicals.2 Schildknecht3 reported that of ketene acetals are more reactive than the related vinyl ethers in cationic polymerization. McElvain et al.4 observed that ketene acetals undergo facile cationic polymerization even in the presence of such acids as sulfuric acid as an initiator. More recently, the polymerization of ketene acetals under free radical conditions was r e p ~r t e d . ~. ~ It was further shown7 that the polymerizations of cyclic ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
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