JPEG2000 Standard for Image Compression: Concepts, Algorithms and VLSI Architectures

✍ Scribed by Tinku Acharya, Ping-Sing Tsai

• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 295
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

JPEG2000 Standard for Image Compression presents readers with the basic background to this multimedia compression technique and prepares the reader for a detailed understanding of the JPEG2000 standard, using both the underlying theory and the principles behind the algorithms of the JPEG2000 standard for scalable image compression. It introduces the VLSI architectures and algorithms for implementation of the JPEG2000 standard in hardware (not available in the current literature), an important technology for a number of image processing applications and devices such as digital camera, color fax, printer, and scanners.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction to Data Compression
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Why Compression?
1.2.1 Advantages of Data Compression
1.2.2 Disadvantages of Data Compression
1.3 Information Theory Concepts
1.3.1 Discrete Memoryless Model and Entropy
1.3.2 Noiseless Source Coding Theorem
1.3.3 Unique Decipherability
1.4 Classification of Compression algorithms
1.5 A Data Compression Model
1.6 Compression Performance
1.6.1 Compression Ratio and Bits per Sample
1.6.2 Quality Metrics
1.6.3 Coding Delay
1.6.4 Coding Complexity
1.7 Overview of Image Compression
1.8 Multimedia Data Compression Standards
1.8.1 Still Image Coding Standard
1.8.2 Video Coding Standards
1.8.3 Audio Coding Standard
1.8.4 Text Compression
1.9 Summary
References
2 Source Coding Algorithms
2.1 Run-length Coding
2.2 Huffman Coding
2.2.1 Limitations of Huffman Coding
2.2.2 Modified Huffman Coding
2.3 Arithmetic Coding
2.3.1 Encoding Algorithm
2.3.2 Decoding Algorithm
2.4 Binary Arithmetic Coding
2.4.1 Implementation with Integer Mathematics
2.4.2 The QM-Coder
2.5 Ziv-Lempel Coding
2.5.1 The LZ77 Algorithm
2.5.2 The LZ78 Algorithm
2.5.3 The LZW Algorithm
2.6 Summary
References
3 JPEG: Still Image Compression Standard
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The JPEG Lossless Coding Algorithm
3.3 Baseline JPEG Compression
3.3.1 Color Space Conversion
3.3.2 Source Image Data Arrangement
3.3.3 The Baseline Compression Algorithm
3.3.4 Discrete Cosine Transform
3.3.5 Coding the DCT Coefficients
3.3.6 Decompression Process in Baseline JPEG
3.4 Progressive DCT-based Mode
3.5 Hierarchical Mode
3.6 Summary
References
4 Introduction to Discrete Wavelet Transform
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Wavelet Transforms
4.2.1 Discrete Wavelet Transforms
4.2.2 Concept of Multiresolution Analysis
4.2.3 Implementation by Filters and the Pyramid Algorithm
4.3 Extension to Two-Dimensional Signals
4.4 Lifting Implementation of the Discrete Wavelet Transform
4.4.1 Finite Impulse Response Filter and Z-transform
4.4.2 Euclidean Algorithm for Laurent Polynomials
4.4.3 Perfect Reconstruction and Polyphase Representation of Filters
4.4.4 Lifting
4.4.5 Data Dependency Diagram for Lifting Computation
4.5 Why Do We Care About Lifting?
4.6 Summary
References
5 VLSI Architectures for Discrete Wavelet Transforms
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A VLSI Architecture for the Convolution Approach
5.2.1 Mapping the DWT in a Semi-Systolic Architecture
5.2.2 Mapping the Inverse DWT in a Semi-Systolic Architecture
5.2.3 Unified Architecture for DWT and Inverse DWT
5.3 VLSI Architectures for Lifting-based DWT
5.3.1 Mapping the Data Dependency Diagram in Pipeline Architectures
5.3.2 Enhanced Pipeline Architecture by Folding
5.3.3 Flipping Architecture
5.3.4 A Register Allocation Scheme for Lifting
5.3.5 A Recursive Architecture for Lifting
5.3.6 A DSP-Type Architecture for Lifting
5.3.7 A Generalized and Highly Programmable Architecture for Lifting
5.3.8 A Generalized Two-Dimensional Architecture
5.4 Summary
References
6 JPEG2000 Standard
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Why JPEG2000?
6.3 Parts of the JPEG2000 Standard
6.4 Overview of the JPEG2000 Part 1 Encoding System
6.5 Image Preprocessing
6.5.1 Tiling
6.5.2 DC Level Shifting
6.5.3 Multicomponent Transformations
6.6 Compression
6.6.1 Discrete Wavelet Transformation
6.6.2 Quantization
6.6.3 Region of Interest Coding
6.6.4 Rate Control
6.6.5 Entropy Encoding
6.7 Tier-2 Coding and Bitstream Formation
6.8 Summary
References
7 Coding Algorithms in JPEG2000
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Partitioning Data for Coding
7.3 Tier-1 Coding in JPEG2000
7.3.1 Fractional Bit-Plane Coding
7.3.2 Examples of BPC Encoder
7.3.3 Binary Arithmetic Coding—MQ-Coder
7.4 Tier-2 Coding in JPEG2000
7.4.1 Basic Tag Tree Coding
7.4.2 Bitstream Formation
7.4.3 Packet Header Information Coding
7.5 Summary
References
8 Code-Stream Organization and File Format
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Syntax and Code-Stream Rules
8.2.1 Basic Rules
8.2.2 Markers and Marker Segments Definitions
8.2.3 Headers Definition
8.3 File Format for JPEG2000 Part 1: JP2 format
8.3.1 File Format Organization
8.3.2 JP2 Required Boxes
8.4 Example
8.5 Summary
References
9 VLSI Architectures for JPEG2000
9.1 Introduction
9.2 A JPEG2000 Architecture for VLSI Implementation
9.3 VLSI Architectures for EBCOT
9.3.1 Combinational Logic Blocks
9.3.2 Functionality of the Registers
9.3.3 Control Mechanism for the EBCOT Architecture
9.4 VLSI Architecture for Binary Arithmetic Coding: MQ-Coder
9.5 Decoder Architecture for JPEG2000
9.6 Summary of Other Architectures for JPEG2000
9.6.1 Pass-Parallel Architecture for EBCOT
9.6.2 Memory-Saving Architecture for EBCOT
9.6.3 Computationally Efficient EBCOT Architecture by Skipping
9.7 Summary
References
10 Beyond Part 1 of JPEG2000 Standard
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Part 2: Extensions
10.2.1 Variable DC Offset
10.2.2 Variable Scalar Quantization Offsets
10.2.3 Trellis-Coded Quantization
10.2.4 Visual Masking
10.2.5 Arbitrary Wavelet Decomposition
10.2.6 Arbitrary Wavelet Transformation
10.2.7 Single Sample Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transformation
10.2.8 Multiple Component Transforms
10.2.9 Nonlinear Transformations
10.2.10Region of Interest Extension
10.2.11 File Format Extension and Metadata Definitions
10.3 Part 3: Motion JPEG2000
10.4 Part 4: Conformance Testing
10.5 Part 5: Reference Software
10.6 Part 6: Compound Image File Format
10.7 Other Parts (7-12)
10.8 Summary
References
Index
About the Authors
Color plates